The vast majority of papers use the GIM index or some variation that is created as a subset of the original GIM index. Each index is constructed using the Investor Responsibility Research Center data from ''Corporate Takeover Defenses'' Rosenbaum 1990, 1993, 1995, 1998, 2000, 2002. I can only locate physical copies of these books, so I assume research assistants put together databases by hand using those physical copies.
In order to obtain this data, I would contact the authors of one of the more recent papers (Masulis et al 2011, for example) or the IRRC at http://irrcinstitute.org/contact/. It seems as though other authors contacted Gompers et al (2003) for the IRRC data, so that could also be a lead. The TCL benchmark score and the BC Govscore only seem to be used in one of the major papers about corporate governance. If you want to use the TCL benchmark score, you need a subscription to the database through a company called MSCI, which you can contact at https://www.msci.com/contact-us. The BC Govscore comes from the Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), and you can find the specific database at https://www.issgovernance.com/solutions/iss-analytics/quickscore/.
The TCL benchmark score and the BC Govscore only seem to be used in one of the major papers about corporate governance. If you want to use the TCL benchmark score, you need a subscription to the database through a company called MSCI, which you can contact at https://www.msci.com/contact-us. The BC Govscore
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