Note see also: [[Governance Measures]]
====Institutional InvestorsNew Measures==== From Thomson-Reuters 13F filings (joined using CUSIP8 and year, where available):*iisharestot -- Total number of shares held by institutional investors*iisharestop5 -- Number of shares held by the five largest institutional investors*iitop5prop -- Proportion of shares held by the five largest institutional investors compared to all institutional investors*iicount -- Number institutional investors In conjunction with COMPUSTAT Fundamentals Annual (joined using CUSIP8 and year, where both available):*sharesout -- number of shares outstanding*iifractot -- fraction of shares held by institutional investors*iifractop5 -- fraction of shares held by top 5 institutional investors*blockholders -- number of blockholders (institutional investors with >= 5% of shares) From COMPUSTAT Fundamentals Annual (joined using CUSIP8 and year, where available):*gp -- gross profit*ni -- net income*gpr -- gross profit ratio*npr -- net profit ratio
=====Reference Papers and their data=====