We could ignore, flag or discard these cites. A visual inspection suggests that Culver City, Torrence, El Segundo, Jersey City, and probably Richardson, Newark, and maybe Cary don't have any issues. Santa Monica, Santa Clara, Emeryville, Farmer's Branch and Addison do look like they have issues, but with the exception of Farmer's Branch and Addison, these are big cites and with lots of locations, so the issue should be washed out by removing outliers or otherwise appropriately choosing the clustering layer.
=====Intersecting All Encompassing Hulls=====
52 places have all encompasing hulls intersect in our data (i.e., there are 26 intersections). This includes some of the places that suffer from encapsulation (especially Santa Monica, Santa Clara, Emeryville, Farmer's Branch and Addison). So beyond encapsulated places, there are an additional 20 intersections. These are:
place statecode intersectedplace intersectedstatecode
Alpharetta GA Roswell GA
Bellevue WA Redmond WA
Boston MA Cambridge MA
Boston MA Somerville MA
Campbell CA San Jose CA
Centennial CO Greenwood Village CO
Cupertino CA San Jose CA
Fremont CA Newark CA
Greenwood Village CO Centennial CO
Irvine CA Newport Beach CA
Los Altos CA Mountain View CA
Menlo Park CA Redwood City CA
Milpitas CA San Jose CA
Mountain View CA Palo Alto CA
Mountain View CA Sunnyvale CA
Newton MA Wellesley MA
Phoenix AZ Tempe AZ
Redwood City CA San Carlos CA
San Jose CA Sunnyvale CA
Santa Clara CA Sunnyvale CA
At a glance, most of these appear big or very big startup ecosystems. Accordingly, any process that deals with outliers (etc.) should address this issue.
===First Estimation(s)===