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Startup and Quadidtationary Drive of Plasma Current by Lower Hybrid Waves in a Tokamaki by K. Toi
@article{toi_startup_1984,
title = {Startup and {Quasistationary} {Drive} of {Plasma} {Current} by {Lower} {Hybrid} {Waves} in a {Tokamak}},
volume = {52},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.2144},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.52.2144},
abstract = {A plasma current is initiated and raised to a quasistationary level of about 20 kA by injection of the lower hybrid wave into a cold and low-density plasma produced by electron cyclotron resonance. The plasma current rises more slowly than the experimentally obtained LpRp magnetic diffusion time of the bulk plasma. The current rise time is inversely proportional to the bulk electron density, and agrees well with the collision time of the current-carrying high-energy electrons with the bulk plasma.},
number = {24},
urldate = {2017-10-24},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
author = {Toi, K. and Ohkubo, K. and Kawahata, K. and Kawasumi, Y. and Matsuoka, K. and Noda, N. and Ogawa, Y. and Sato, K. and Tanahashi, S. and Tetsuka, T. and Kako, E. and Hirokura, S. and Taniguchi, Y. and Kitagawa, S. and Hamada, Y. and Fujita, J. and Matsuura, K.},
month = jun,
year = {1984},
pages = {2144--2147}
Demonstration of Plasma Startup by Coaxial Helicity Injection by R. Raman
@article{raman_demonstration_2003,
title = {Demonstration of {Plasma} {Startup} by {Coaxial} {Helicity} {Injection}},
volume = {90},
url = {https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.075005},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.90.075005},
abstract = {The first successful results on the transfer of a coaxial helicity injection (CHI) produced discharge to inductive operation are reported. CHI-assisted plasma startup is more robust than inductive only operation. After hand off for inductive operation, the initial 90 kA of CHI-produced current drops to 40 kA, then ramps up to 170 kA, using only 30 mV s, more than 30\% higher than that produced by induction alone. These significant performance enhancing results were obtained on the HIT-II spherical torus experiment (major/minor radius of 0.3/0.2 m).},
number = {7},
urldate = {2017-10-24},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
author = {Raman, R. and Jarboe, T. R. and Nelson, B. A. and Izzo, V. A. and O’Neill, R. G. and Redd, A. J. and Smith, R. J.},
month = feb,
year = {2003},
pages = {075005}
==start-up density==
The roles of calcium in sludge granulation during uasb reactor start-up by H. Q. Yu
@article{yu_roles_2001,
title = {The roles of calcium in sludge granulation during uasb reactor start-up},
volume = {35},
issn = {0043-1354},
url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043135400003456},
doi = {10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00345-6},
abstract = {Six upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors were concurrently operated for 146d to examine the effects of calcium on the sludge granulation process during start-up. Introduction of Ca2+ at concentrations from 150 to 300mg/l enhanced the biomass accumulation and granulation process. The calcium concentration in the granules was nearly proportional to the calcium concentration in the feed, and calcium carbonate was the main calcium precipitate in the granules. The specific activity of granules decreased with increasing influent calcium concentration. The optimum calcium concentration for the granulation was from 150 to 300mg/l. The addition of low-concentration calcium to the UASB reactors appeared to enhance the three steps of sludge granulation: adsorption, adhesion and multiplication, but it did not lead to a different proliferation of predominant microorganisms in the granules.},
number = {4},
urldate = {2017-10-27},
journal = {Water Research},
author = {Yu, H. Q and Tay, J. H and Fang, Herbert H. P},
month = mar,
year = {2001},
keywords = {calcium, granulation, start-up, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor},
pages = {1052--1060}
Field Studies of Pedestrian Walking Speed and Start-Up Time by Richard Knoblauch @article{knoblauch_field_1996, title = {Field {Studies} of {Pedestrian} {Walking} {Speed} and {Start}-{Up} {Time}}, volume = {1538}, issn = {0361-1981}, url = {http://trrjournalonline.trb.org/doi/abs/10.3141/1538-04}, doi = {10.3141/1538-04}, abstract = {Today's traffic environment is not well adapted to the needs of the older pedestrian. Unfortunately, except in the case of children, little is known about the characteristics and behavior of pedestrians. Although the simple fact that older pedestrians walk more slowly than younger ones is easily supported by field data, existing data on walking speeds and start-up time (i.e., the time from the onset of a Walk signal until the pedestrian steps off the curb) have many shortcomings. A series of field studies was conducted to quantify the walking speed and start-up time of pedestrians of various ages under different conditions. Sixteen crosswalks in four urban areas were studied. Data were collected on walking speeds and start-up times relative to site and environmental factors, including street width, posted speed, curb height, grade, number of vehicle travel lanes, signal cycle length, pedestrian-signal type, street functional classification, crosswalk type, and channelization. Data on a subject group of pedestrians who appeared to be 65 years of age or older and a control group of pedestrians under age 65 were collected. Results indicate a broad range of walking speeds among pedestrians. The 15th-percentile walking speed for younger pedestrians (ages 14 to 64) was 1.25 m/sec (4.09 ft/sec); for older pedestrians (ages 65 and over) it was 0.97 m/sec (3.19 ft/sec). For design purposes values of 1.22 m/sec (4 ft/sec) for younger pedestrians and 0.91 m/sec (3 ft/sec) for older pedestrians are appropriate. Results also indicated that walking rates are influenced by a variety of factors, including the functional classification and vehicle volumes on the street being crossed, the street width, weather conditions, the number of pedestrians crossing in a group, the signal cycle length, the timing of the various pedestrian-signal phases, whether right turn on red is allowed, pedestrian signals, medians, curb cuts, crosswalk markings, stop lines, and on-street parking. However, for each of these factors, the effect on crossing speeds, although statistically significant, is not meaningful for design.}, urldate = {2017-10-27}, journal = {Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board}, author = {Knoblauch, Richard and Pietrucha, Martin and Nitzburg, Marsha}, month = jan, year = {1996}, pages = {27--38} Environments and Strategies of Organization Start-Up: Effects on Early Survival by Elaine Romanlli
==start-up agglomeration==
Intellectual capital and business start‐up success by Iñaki Peña
@article{pena_intellectual_2002,
title = {Intellectual capital and business start‐up success},
volume = {3},
issn = {1469-1930},
url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/14691930210424761},
doi = {10.1108/14691930210424761},
number = {2},
urldate = {2017-10-28},
journal = {Journal of Intellectual Capital},
author = {Peña, Iñaki},
month = jun,
year = {2002},
pages = {180--198}
Startup Density Literature Review (view source)
Revision as of 11:44, 31 October 2017
, 11:44, 31 October 2017no edit summary
year = {2013},
keywords = {entrepreneur, local entrepreneurship, regional entrepreneurship, startup hub}
Tech Starts: High-Technology Business Formation and Job Creation in the United States by Ian Hathaway
keywords = {entrepreneur, entrepreneurship, high-tech, job creation, startup, technology}
@article{romanelli_environments_1989,
title = {Environments and {Strategies} of {Organization} {Start}-{Up}: {Effects} on {Early} {Survival}},
keywords = {agglomeration economies, external economies, microfoundations, productivity, urban growth},
pages = {2119--2171}
Aspiring, nascent and fledgling entrepreneurs: an investigation of the business start-up process by Beate Rotefoss and Lars Kolvereid
