====REISSUE====
In the following table, you'll notice lots of fields related to three different kinds of "documents" - a "parent document", a "child document", and a "parent grant document". It is not immediately clear what these three documents represent for a reissue patent. After some research, I think I have determined that these "documents" are, but please know that I do not have definitive proof as there is little available information about these "documents" in regards to a reissue patent.
It is possible that the "parent document" is the parent patent application - that is, the first patent application filed in regards to an invention. That would explain why reissue patents also has several fields related to a "child document" - a "child document" could be a child application, which is filed while a parent application is still pending. So in this case, a "child document" of a reissue patent would be an application regarding the same patent that was filed while the reissue application was still pending. A "child document" is either a continuation, disclosure, or continuation-in-part application ([http://www.patenttrademarkblog.com/parent-and-child-patent-applications/ source]).
Based on this logic, I think that the difference between a "parent document" and a "parent grant document" depends on whether the parent patent application has been granted. If the parent patent application is still pending (meaning the patent has not yet been granted yet) then I believe the reissue patent will store information about the parent patent under "parent document". However, if the parent patent application has been granted, then the information will be stored under "parent grant document". This seems like the most logical explanation, especially considered the path to any field related to "parent grant document" contains "parent document" as with the example below:
* patent_number (varchar(255)) unique identifier for the patent from the UPSTO office, can contain letters hence varchar
* parent_grant_doc_country (varchar(255)) the country of the parent grant document
* parent_grant_doc_date (date) probably the date the parent grant document was published
It is possible that the parent document is the parent application - that is, the first patent application filed in regards to an invention. That would explain why Reissue also has several fields related to a child document - a child document could be a child application, which is filed while a parent application is still pending. So in this case, a child document of a reissue patent would be an application regarding the same patent that was filed while the reissue application was still pending. A child document is either a continuation, disclosure, or continuation-in-part application ([http://www.patenttrademarkblog.com/parent-and-child-patent-applications/ source]).
====PLANT====