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*Tokic, S. 2012. The role of consumers in deterring settlement agreements based on invalid patents: The case of non-practicing entities. Stan. Tech. L. Rev., vol. 2012, pp. 2-3.
*Wang, A.W. 2010. Rise of the patent intermediaries. Berkeley Tech. LJ, vol. 25, pp. 159-1955.
==Underlying Economics==
Below are the most cited economic papers included in the references of the NPE papers in this review. I have grouped them into three groups. In the first group is the literature that outlines markets for technologies, the existence and characteristics of patent thickets, the suggests that patents are 'probabilistic' (perhaps arising from failures at the patent office). Also included in this group is Josh Lerner's "Trolls on State Street" paper, which was very heavily referenced, and provides the seminal reference for the economic concept of a troll (as far as I can see).
In the second group, is the broader references that back up the first group. The same themes are present, but generally less developed. Also included in this group is some key papers from the patent pools literature and the litigation of patents literature (the economic branch of it anyway). These are two literatures are complementary to the NPE literature, but distinct. They also build of the papers in the first group.
And in the third group is the 'classics'. These are universally referenced and fundamental building blocks.
===Market for Technologies, Patent Thickets, and Probabilistic Patents===
===Innovation, Industry Structure, and Patent Scope, Licensing, and Pools===
===Classic Literature===
