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→Zahra 1995
Results from this study suggest that a company's commitment to corporate entrepreneurship (measured through innovation and venturing) increase after an LBO. Results also show that post-LBO changes in corporate entrepreneurship are associated with, or accompanied by concurrent changes in company performance.
Data was measured with the following variables:
*Innovation
**R&D Spending
**R&D Focus (types, i.e. basic, applied, or developmental)
**radical product innovation
**product modification
**commercialization
**use of external R&D sources
**improving R&D staff quality
**increasing R&D staff size
*Venturing
**percent of revenue from new businesses or industries which showed a company's ability to expand operations to achieve profitability
**the number of new businesses the company has entered that showed an increase in the emphasis on redefining the company's business concept
**the number of new market segments served by the company that gauged the increase in the scope of operations
*company performance
**employee productivity
**sales-to-beginning assets, shows the company's ability to use its assets effectively
**return on investment
**earnings before interest and tax to assets ratio
*control variables
**technological opportunities, size, age, and level of debt
===Amess et al 2015===
