''maintenance fees''
''licensing fees''
''Coasian'' ''Coase'' ''Leahy-Smith'' '''Frequent Author(s): Lemley Shapiro 2006, Callaway 2008, Farrell 2009, Cockburn & MacGarvie 2009/2011'''
'''Probabilistic Patents - (PP)'''
''imperfectly defined property rights''
''probabilistic''
''uncertain'' ''infringement'' '''Frequent Author(s): Lemley & Shapiro 2005/2006, Bessen 2003'''
'''Unspecified / Extended Use - (UnEx)'''
'''Look for:'''
''Kiley''
''ever-greening''
''Jacob''
''submarine patents''
''viagra''
''patent portfolios''
''stand-alone commercial value''
'''Frequent Author(s): Kiley, Jacob'''
'''Search Costs - (SC)'''
'''Look for:'''
''transaction costs'' ''fees'' ''Coase'' ''Coasian'' ''Leahy-Smith'' '''Frequent Author(s): Wang2010, Lemley Shapiro 2006, Callaway 2008, Farrell 2009, Cockburn & MacGarvie 2011''
'''Patent Hold-up - (PH)'''