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''search costs''
→Modern Terms
'''Look for:'''
''prosecution costs''
''perverse incentive''
''coordinating costs''
''maintenance fees''
''Leahy- Smith America Invents Act''
''Coasian''
''invalid patents''
''infringement''
''invent around''
'''Unspecified / Extended Use - (UnEx):'''
''gaming the patent system''
''patent portfolios''
''stand-along alone commercial value'' '''Search Costs - (SC)''' All costs associated with finding preexisting patents to avoid infringement and verify novelty. This is particularly expensive for smaller firms lacking robust search capabilities. '''Look for:''' ''Wang'' ''Coasian' ''perverse incentives'' ''willful infringement'' '''Patent Hold-up - (PH):'''The patentees ability to extract higher license fees after the infringer has sunk costs implementing the patented technology. Had the infringer sought licensing prior to utilization, license fees are assumed to be lower.
