Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face (Wiki Page)

Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face

Although women-owned businesses are the fastest growing segment in the US economy, there are some significant obstacles that women entrepreneurs have to face, especially those pursuing a hihg-growth pathway.

Limited Access to Capital

In the area of capital, studies find that women do not get sufficient access to loans and venture capital. Women owners start with almost half of the financial capital than men owners and raises less money when businesses grow. According to a report published by National Women’s Business Council,On average, men start their businesses with nearly twice as much capital as women ($135,000 vs. $75,000). This disparity is slightly larger among firms with high-growth potential ($320,000 vs. $150,000), and much larger in the Top 25 firms ($1.3 million vs. $210,000), where “Top 25” represents the largest 25 firms for each gender, as measured by employment[1].

Histogram of start capital by gender

In terms of loans and funding, statistics show that women account for only 16 percent of conventional small business loans and 17 percent SBA loans, even though they represent 30 percent of small firms. Of conventional small business loans, women only account for 4.4 percent of total dollar value of loans from all sources. In other words, just $1 of every $23 in conventional small business loans goes to a woman-owned business[2].

Reasons

• Women-owners are more likely to be turned down for loans with less favorable term than men, and some women do not apply for loans simply because they fear being turned down[3].
• Differences in loan approval rates for men and women-owners might be explained by differences in business credits, firm size and business growth potential. Women owners tend to have lower business credit scores compare to men owners[4].
• Women owners use different sources of financing relative to men. Women are more likely to launch their businesses with large amounts of owner-provided equity and smaller amounts of outsider equity and outside sources of financing such as bank loans, angel investments and venture capital for their business ventures[5]. This might be explained in two ways. On the one hand, women appears to use outside financial sources less frequently may suggest that is their preference. On the other hand, the less frequent outside financial utilization can be seen as women are more likely to be turned down for outside financing or do not apply for outside financing because they fear being turned down.
• Women owners are more risk averse than men, especially on financial risks and business ventures.
• Women owners face lending discrimination when they operate in national instead of local markets. Study shows that women-owned businesses are viewed as more risky than white men owned businesses operated in the same market with the same observable credit characteristics[6].

Effects

Partly due to the financing and funding problem, women-owned firms are typically smaller than men owned firms. Average sales, assets, profits and employment for women owned firms are much lower than men-owned firms, and have grown in a slow rate. only 3% of majority women-owned businesses have revenue over $1 million compare to 6% of majority men-owned business. The average revenue of women-owned firms is 27% of the average revenue of men-owned firms, as of 2008[7].

The Mentoring Gap

Although a notable amount of existing programs provide useful services and good foundations through the early stages of business, there is a lack of offerings beyond these services. The need for women entrepreneurs pursuing high growth pathway tend to be more sophisticated and complex. These businesses need special mentoring at their critical transition phases.

Work-life Balance

The Problem

(Resource:Access to Capital by High-Growth Women-Owned Businesses)

(Resource: 21st Century Barriers to Women’s Entrepreneurshippublished by the 2014 Senate Small Business and Entrepreneurship Committee.)

Reasons

(Resource:Women Owned Businesses in 21st Centuryprepared by U.S Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration in Oct.2010) This is a very comprehensive report on women owned businesses in the US, concerning both status of women owned businesses and the role of gender in business ownership.

Effects

• Women owned firms are typically smaller than men owned firms
• Average sales/assets/profits/employment for women owned firms are much lower than men-owned firms, and have grown in a slow rate

(Resource:Women Owned Businesses in 21st Centuryprepared by U.S Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration in Oct.2010)

Efforts in Solving the Problem

• From government:

Congress has focused on improving and expanding SBA-backed small business lending programs. Women are three to five times more likely to be approved for an SBA-backed loan than a traditional loan[8]. Through the Small Business Jobs Act, Congress increased the maximum SBA Microloan amount from $35,000 to $50,000, which has given women-owned businesses access to more credit to start and grow their businesses.

• From Corporations:

Capital program from Tory Burch Foundation with Bank of America offers access to affordable loans through Community Lenders to women entrepreneurs. Goldman Sachs launched 10,000 Women to provide women entrepreneurs around the world with business management education, mentoring and networking, and access to capital.

• From investors:

List of angel investors focus on supporting women entrepreneurship.