Changes

A recent example of constructive use '''Efficiency''': The creation of patent pools is mainly benefits the Eco-Patent Commons created owners of complementary or essential patents. Complementary patents cover multiple technologies protected by separate patents required for the World Business Council for Sustainable Developmentdevelopment of a specific new product, and therefore, necessitate shared licensing [http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-competition/en/studies/patent_pools_report.pdf (WIPO)]. The EcoCross-Patent Commons eliminates royalties for licensing between companies in a number patent pool facilitates building upon previous technologies and increases the efficiency of innovation by organizing complementary intellectual property assets under one contract [http://www.wipo.int/export/sites/www/ip-competition/en/studies/patent_pools_report.pdf (WIPO)]. Mutually blocking patents to be used for ecooften slow technological developments as neither party can make use of its technology without infringing on the other party's patent. By forming a patent pool, both parties can develop substitute technologies.  '''Cost Reduction''': Companies can also reduce the amount spent on litigation by settling disputes with the creation of patent pools. This would benefit small-friendly innovation and pools patents medium-sized businesses that have potential for sustainable design applications usually cannot afford the costs of expensive litigation. [http://www.theglobalipcenterwipo.comint/export/sites/defaultwww/filesip-competition/reportsen/documentsstudies/Prizes__Patent_Poolspatent_pools_report.pdf(WIPO)]Transaction costs as well as royalties can also be lowered in a patent pool.