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Incubator Definition Based on a Review of Definitions in the Literature (view source)
Revision as of 23:59, 28 March 2019
, 23:59, 28 March 2019→Incubator Definitions in the Literature
==''Methodology''==
-Source: Google Scholar
-Search terms: incubator* AND (compan* OR firm*); incubator AND accelerator AND review
-Steps: 1. Found [https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-zvRgkVlvkBuEnRTYEPZqPNhlbwyDqGe/ The Evolution of Business Incubators: Comparing demand and supply of business incubation services across different incubator generations]; 2. Looked through intro of article and found chart and list of definitions of incubators
|Temali and Campbell
|1984
|Incubators can be classified according to the nature of their primary financial sponsor or the business focus of the incubatees(pp.9).|[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FB%3AJOTT.0000011181.11952.0f.pdf/ Link]| TBD|-|Plosila and Allen|1985|Low priced rent, shared-services, and the existence of entry/exit policies are key characteristics of incubators (pp. 9).|[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FB%3AJOTT.0000011181.11952.0f.pdf/ Link]| TBD|-|Brooks|1986|The incubator support network and university ties are key characteristics of incubators (pp. 9). |[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FB%3AJOTT.0000011181.11952.0f.pdf/ Link]| TBD|-|Cohen|2013 | ...incubators receive rent and fees from tenant firms in exchange for office space and administrative support services. Several incubators also provide introductions to financiers, and connections to legal, technology transfer, and accounting consultants.3 When they are affiliated with a university, they may also provide services related to intellectual property; the university may also use them to transfer knowledge from faculty members to firms that are commercializing the university’s intellectual property (pp. 2). Mentorship is typically offered for a fee by professional service providers, such as accountants and lawyers (pp. 4). |[https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/INOV_a_00184/ Link]| TBD|-|Atkins|2011|Clients: All kinds, including science-based businesses (biotech, medical devices, nanotechnology, clean energy, etc.) and nontechnology; all ages and genders; includes those with previous experience in an industry or sector. Selection Process: Competitive selection, mostly from the local community. Terms of Service: 1 to 5 or more years (33 months on average). Services: Offers access to management and other consulting, specialized intellectual property and networks of experienced entrepreneurs; helps businesses mature to self-sustaining or high-growth stage; helps entrepreneurs round out skills, develop a management team, and, often, obtain external financing. Investment: Usually does not have funds to invest directly in the company; more frequently than not, does not take equity. Investment: Invests $18,000 to $25,000 in teams of cofounders; takes equity in every investee (usually4 to 8 percent).|[http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/review_archive/0611_01.php/ Link]|TBD|-|Hoffman and Radojevich-Kelley | 2012|Incubators generally are nonprofit organizations, frequently associated with universities. They provide office space at reasonable rates for the startups they support. They target local startups. They do not invest in the startups. |[http://www.knsecure.com/Resources/Articles/Defining%20Characteristics%20Among%20Startup%20Assistance%20Organizations.pdf/ Link]|TBD|-| UK Department for Business, Energy, and Industrial Strategy|2017
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|[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/608409/business-incubators-accelerators-uk-report.pdf/ Link]
|TBD
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|Telefonica & O2
|2014
|Duration: Incubators tend to offer a longer, less intensive period of support, with rolling admissions and no formal cutoff point. The majority of incubators do not invest directly but instead help startups attract investment through their networks. Fees: The majority of incubators charge membership fees or rent, staggering
the amount according to a company’s ability to pay. Workspace: Long-term office or lab space with state-of-the-art facilities is usually a central part of the incubator package. (pp 9)
|[http://cdn.news.o2.co.uk.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/O2_WAYRA_Report_121214.pdf?_ga=2.95090709.867707169.1553826924-1724939740.1553826924/ Link]
|TBD
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|Bone et al.
|2017
|Open-ended duration (exit usually based on the stage of the company, rather than a specific time frame); Typically rent/fee-based; Focus on physical space over services; Admissions on ad-hoc basis (not cohort-based); Provision of services including mentorship, entrepreneurial training; Often provide technical facilities such as laboratory equipment; Selective admission (but typically less so than accelerators) (pp. 12)
|[https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/608409/business-incubators-accelerators-uk-report.pdf/ Link]
|TBD
|-
|Nest - Business incubators and accelerators: the national picture (UK)
|2018
|Incubator - Open-ended duration (exit usually based on the stage of the company, rather than a specific timeframe); Typically rent/fee-based; Focus on physical space over services; Admissions on ad-hoc basis (not cohort-based); Provision of services including mentorship, entrepreneurial training; Often provide technical facilities such as laboratory equipment; Selective (but typically less so than accelerators). Used the categories: Source;Incubation type;City; Programme name; Organisation name; Address; Country; LEP; Geographical coverage; Public contact details; Website URL; Sector focus; Funding sources; Support offered; Number of businesses supported per year; Cohort size; Stage of business accepted; Other entrance criteria; Duration; Cost to participant; Direct funding; Equity taken; Programme description; Year launched.
|[https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/706581/Business-incubators-accelerators-directory-update.xlsx/ Link]
|TBD
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|}
[[File:CohenIncubatorvsAccelerator.PNG]]
[https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/INOV_a_00184/ pp. 2 Differences Between an Incubator and an Accelerator]
==''Next Steps''==
-To review: [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/104225879101500207/ Incubator & Accelerator Article] and continue my [https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C9&q=incubator+AND+accelerator+AND+review+&btnG=/ GoogleScholar Search].
==''Obstacles of Defining an Incubator''==
-[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FB%3AJOTT.0000011181.11952.0f.pdf/ A Systematic Review of Business Incubation Research]
[[File:IncubatorDiagram.PNG]]
[https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1023%2FB%3AJOTT.0000011181.11952.0f.pdf/ Obtained from pp. 9]
[[File:Table2.PNG]]
Source: Excepts from Atkins, D. 2011. What are the new seed or venture accelerators? Available at
[http://www.nbia.org/resource_library/review_archive/0611_01.php/ Link].
