Entrepreneurship Research Boot Camp

This page provide resources for the 4th Entrepreneurship Research Boot Camp, organized by Thomas Hellmann, and taking place on July 27th-30th 2011.

Summary

In total we have 8 sessions from 8 presenters, spread over 4 days with 49 required readings and 83 recommended readings. Approximately 40% of the required readings and 15% of the recommended readings are written by the presenter.

Sections

The Empirics of Entrepreneurial Venture Creation

Date:           Wednesday, July 27th
Session:        Morning session
Instructor:     Josh Lerner (HBS)
Title:          The Empirics of Entrepreneurial Venture Creation
Req'd Readings: 6 (33%)
Rec'd Readings: 0

Required Readings:

• Bhide, Amar (2000), "The Origin and Evolution of New Business", New York: Oxford University Press. Chapter 1. pdf
• Giannetti, Mariassunta, and Andrei Simonov (2009), "Social interactions and entrepreneurial activity", Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 18, 665-709. pdf
• Gompers, Paul, Josh Lerner, and David Scharfstein (2005), Entrepreneurial spawning, Journal of Finance 60, 577-614. pdf
• Kaplan, Steven, Berk Sensoy, and Per Stromberg (2009), "What are firms? Evolution from birth to public companies", Journal of Finance 64:1, 75-115. pdf
• Lerner, Josh, and Ulrike Malmendier (2011), With a little help from my (random) friends: success and failure in post-business school entrepreneurship, Working Paper (1691)8, National Bureau of Economic Research. pdf
• Nanda, Ramana, and Jesper Sorensen (2010), Workplace peer effects and entrepreneurship, Management Science, forthcoming pdf

Privately versus Publicly Held Companies

Date:           Wednesday, July 27th
Session:        Afternoon session
Instructor:     Alexander Ljungqvist (NYU Stern)
Title:          Privately versus Publicly Held Companies
Req'd Readings: 5 (40%)
Rec'd Readings: 7 (0%)

Required Readings:

• Asker, John, Joan Farre-Mensa, and Alexander Ljungqvist (2011), "Does the stock market distort investment incentives?", Unpublished working paper, New York University. (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=(1603)484) pdf
• Asker, John, Joan Farre-Mensa, and Alexander Ljungqvist (2010), "What do private firms look like?", Unpublished working paper, New York University. (http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=(1659)926) pdf
• Bharat, Sreedhar, Amy Dittmar, and Jagadeesh Sivadasan (2010), "Does capital market myopia affect plant productivity? Evidence from "going private" transactions", Unpublished working paper, University of Michigan. pdf
• Mortal, Sandra, and Natalia Reisel (2009), "The real benefits of being public: Evidence from public and private firms", Unpublished working paper, University of Memphis. pdf
• Sheen, Albert (2009), "Do public and private firms behave differently? An examination of investment in the chemical industry", Unpublished working paper, UCLA. pdf

Recommended Readings:

• Papers using U.S. data:
  • Chemmanur, Thomas J., Shan He, and Debarshi K. Nandy (2010), "The Going-Public Decision and the Product Market", Review of Financial Studies 23, 1855-1908. pdf
  • Edgerton, Jesse (2010), "Agency problems in public firms: Evidence from corporate jets in leveraged buyouts", Unpublished working paper, Federal Reserve Board. pdf
  • Gao, Huasheng, Michael Lemmon, and Kai Li (2010), "A comparison of CEO pay in public and private U.S. firms", Unpublished working paper, University of British Columbia. pdf
  • Wasserman, Noam (2006), "Stewards, Agents, and the Founder Discount: Executive Compensation in New Ventures", Academy of Management Journal 49, 960-976. pdf
• Papers using British data:
  • Brav, Omer (2009), "Access to capital, capital structure, and the funding of the firm", Journal of Finance 64, 263-208. pdf
  • Michaely, Roni, and Michael R. Roberts (2007), "Corporate dividend policies: Lessons from private firms", Unpublished working paper, Cornell University. pdf
  • Saunders, Anthony, and Sascha Steffen (2009), "The costs of being private: Evidence from the loan market", Unpublished working paper, New York University. pdf

Venture Capital Financing

Date:           Thursday, July 28th
Session:        Morning session
Instructor:     Thomas Hellmann (UBC Sauder)
Title:          Venture Capital Financing
Req'd Readings: 6 (17%)
Rec'd Readings: 9 (22%)

Required readings:

• Bottazzi, Laura, Marco Da Rin and Thomas Hellmann (2008), "Who are the active investors? Evidence from venture capital", Journal of Financial Economics, 89(3), 488-512 pdf
• Hsu, David, (2004), "What Do Entrepreneurs Pay for Venture Capital Affiliation?", Journal of Finance, 59: 1805-1844, August pdf
• Kaplan, Steven, and Per Strömberg (2003), "Financial Contracting Theory Meets the Real World: Evidence from Venture Capital Contracts", Review of Economic Studies 70, 281-315. pdf
• Kerr, William, Josh Lerner, and Antoinette Schoar (2011), "The Consequences of Entrepreneurial Finance: Evidence from Angel Financings", Working Paper, Harvard University and MIT pdf
• Samila, Sampsa and Olav Sorenson (2011), "Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Growth", Review of Economics and Statistics, 93: 338-349 pdf
• Tian, Xuan (2011), "The Causes and Consequences of Venture Capital Stage Financing", Journal of Financial Economics, Forthcoming. pdf

Recommended readings:

• Goldfarb, Brent, Gerard Hoberg, David Kirsch, and Alexander Triantis (2009), "Does Angel Participation Matter? An Analysis of Early Venture Financing", Working Paper,University of Maryland pdf
• Gompers, Paul A., and J. Lerner (2001), "The Venture Capital Revolution", Journal of Economic Perspectives 15. Spring . pdf
• Hellmann, Thomas and Manju Puri (2002), "Venture Capital and the Professionalization of Start-up Firms: Empirical Evidence", The Journal of Finance, 57(1), 169-197 pdf
• Hellmann, Thomas (2006), "IPOs, Acquisitions and the Use of Convertible Securities in Venture Capital", Journal of Financial Economics, 81(3), 649-679. pdf
• Kaplan, Steven, and Per Strömberg (2004), "Characteristics, Contracts, and Actions: Evidence from Venture Capital Analyses", Journal of Finance 59, 2177-2210. pdf
• Kortum, Samuel and Josh Lerner (2000), "Assessing the Contribution of Venture Capital to Innovation", Rand Journal of Economics 31: 674-692. pdf
• Lerner, Josh, and Antoinette Schoar (2005), "Does Legal Enforcement Affect Financial Transactions?: The Contractual Channel in Private Equity", Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120, 223-246. pdf
• Sahlman, William (1990), "The structure and governance of venture capital organizations", Journal of Financial Economics 27, 473-521. pdf
• Sorensen, Morten (2007), "How smart is the smart money? A two-sided matching model of venture capital", Journal of Finance 62:6, 2725-62. pdf

Start-Up Commercialization Strategy and the Market for Ideas

Date:           Thursday, July 28th
Session:        Afternoon session 
Instructor:     Scott Stern (MIT Sloan)
Title:          Start-Up Commercialization Strategy and the Market for Ideas
Req'd Readings: 5 (60%)
Rec'd Readings: 14 (14%)

Required readings

• Arora, A., A. Fosfuri and A. Gambardella (2001), "Markets for Technology and their Implications for Corporate Strategy", Industrial and Corporate Change, 10(2):419-451. pdf
• Gans, Joshua S. (2011), "When is Static Analysis a Sufficient Proxy for Dynamic Considerations? Reconsidering Antitrust and Innovation", Innovation Policy and the Economy 11. pdf
• Gans, J.S., and S. Stern (2000), "Incumbency and R&D Incentives: Licensing the Gale of Creative Destruction", Journal of Economics and Management Strategy, 9(4):485-511. pdf
• Gans, J.S., and S. Stern (2003), "The Product Market and the Market for Ideas: Commercialization Strategies for Technology Entrepreneurs", Research Policy, 32: 333-350 pdf
• Gans, J.S., D. Hsu and S. Stern (2008), "The Impact of Uncertain Intellectual Property Rights on the Market for Ideas", Management Science, 54(5): 982-997. pdf

Recommended Readings

• Anton, J.J. and D.A. Yao (1994), "Expropriation and Inventions: Appropriable Rents in the Absence of Property Rights", American Economic Review, 84 190-209. pdf
• Arora, A. (1995), "Licensing Tacit Knowledge: Intellectual Property Rights and the Market for Know-How", Economics of Innovation and New Technology 4 41-49. pdf
• Arora, A., A. Fosfuri, and A. Gambardella (2001), "Markets for Technology: The Economics of Innovation and Corporate Strategy". Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. pdf
• Baumol, W. (2011), "Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Growth: The David-Goliath Symbiosis", http://www.econ.nyu.edu/user/baumolw/sfg.pdf pdf
• Gans, J.S., and S. Stern (2010), "Is There a Market for Ideas?", Industrial and Corporate Change 19(3): 805-837. pdf
• Gans, J.S., D.H. Hsu and S. Stern (2002), "When Does Start-up Innovation Spur the Gale of Creative Destruction?", RAND Journal of Economics 33: 571-86. pdf
• Hellmann, T. (2007), "The role of patents for bridging the science to market gap", Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 63(4): 624-657. pdf
• Hellmann, T, and M. Puri (2000), "The Interaction between Product Market and Financing Strategy: The Role of Venture Capital", Review of Financial Studies,13(4): 959-984 pdf
• Hsu, D. (2006), "Venture Capitalists and Cooperative Start-up Commercialization Strategy", Management Science, 52: 204-219 pdf
• Lerner, J. and R. Merges. (1998), "The Control of Technology Alliances: An Empirical Analysis of the Biotechnology Industry", Journal of Industrial Economics. 46 125-156. pdf
• Lamoreaux, N. and K. Sokoloff (2001), "Market Trade in Patents and the Rise of a Class of Specialized Inventors in the 19th Century United States", American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings, 91(2): 39-44. pdf
• Levine, A. (2007), "Licensing and Scale Economies in the Biotechnology Pharmaceutical Industry", mimeo., Stanford University. pdf
• Malmendier, U. and J. Lerner (2004), "Contractibility and the Design of Research Agreements", American Economic Review, 100(1): 214-246. pdf
• Teece, D. (1986), "Profiting from Technological Innovation: Implications for Integration, Collaboration, Licensing and Public Policy", Research Policy 15: 285-305. Friday, July 29th pdf

The Decision to become an Entrepreneur

Date:           Friday, July 29th
Session:        Morning session
Instructor:     Annamaria Lusardi (Dartmouth)
Title:          The Decision to become an Entrepreneur
Req'd Readings: 9 (33%)
Rec'd Readings: 5 (20%)

Required Readings:

• Ardagna, Silvia and Annamaria Lusardi (2009), "Explaining International Differences in Entrepreneurship: The Role of Individual Characteristics and Regulatory Constraints", in Joshua Lerner and Antoinette Schoar (eds.), "International Differences in Entrepreneurship," Chicago: Univeristy of Chicago Press. pdf
• Blanchflower, David and Andrew Oswald (1998), "What Makes an Entrepreneur?", Journal of Labor Economics, 16, pp. 26-60. pdf
• Evans, David and Boyan Jovanovic (1989), "An Estimated Model of Entrepreneurial Choice under Liquidity Constraints", Journal of Political Economy, 97, pp. 808-827. pdf
• Evans, David and Linda Leighton (1989), "Some Empirical Aspects of Entrepreneurship", American Economic Review, 79, pp. 519-535. pdf
• Fairlie, Robert and Alicia Robb (2007), "Why Are Black-Owned Businesses Less Successful than White-Owned Businesses? The Role of Families, Inheritances, and Business Human Capital", Journal of Labor Economics, 25(2), pp. 289-323 pdf
• Gentry, William and Glenn Hubbard (2004), "Entrepreneurship and Household Saving", Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy, 4. pdf
• Holtz-Eakin, Douglas, David Joulfaian and Harvey Rosen (1994), "Sticking It Out: Entrepreneurial Survival and Liquidity Constraints", Journal of Political Economy, 102, pp. 53-75. pdf
• Hurst, Erik, and Annamaria Lusardi (2004), "Liquidity Constraints, Household Wealth and Entrepreneurship", Journal of Political Economy, 112, pp. 319-47 pdf
• Lusardi, Annamaria, Olivia Mitchell and Vilsa Curto (2010), "Financial Literacy among the Young", Journal of Consumer Affairs, Special Issue on Financial Literacy, 44, pp. 358-380. pdf

Recommended Readings:

• Bhidé, Amar (2000), "The Origin and Evolution of New Businesses", New York: Oxford University Press. pdf
• Hamilton, Barton (2000), "Does Entrepreneurship Pay? An Empirical Analysis of the Returns to Self-Employment", Journal of Political Economy, 108, pp. 604-631 pdf
• Holtz-Eakin, Douglas, David Joulfaian and Harvey Rosen (1994), "Entrepreneurial Decisions and Liquidity Constraints", Rand Journal of Economics, 25, pp. 334-347. pdf
• Hout, Michael and Harvey Rosen (2000), "Self-Employment, Family Background, and Race", Journal of Human Resources, 35(4), pp. 670-692. pdf
• Hurst, Erik and Annamaria Lusardi (2008), "Liquidity Constraints and Entrepreneurship: Household Wealth, Parental Wealth, and the Transition In and Out of Entrepreneurship", in Overcoming Barriers to Entrepreneurship, Lexington Books, Lanham MD, pp. 47-68. pdf

Productivity and Entrepreneurship

Date:           Friday, July 29th
Session:        Afternoon session
Instructor:     John Haltiwanger (University of Maryland)
Title:          Productivity and Entrepreneurship 
Req'd Readings: 5 (90%)
Rec'd Readings: 10 (20%)

Required Readings:

• Foster, L., J. Haltiwanger and C.J. Krizan (2006), "Market Selection, Reallocation, and Restructuring in the U.S. Retail Trade Sector in the 1990s", Review of Economics and Statistics. pdf
• Foster, L., J. Haltiwanger, and C. Syverson (2008), "Reallocation, Firm Turnover and Efficiency: Selection on Productivity or Profitability", American Economic Review, March. pdf
• Haltiwanger, J. (2011), "Job Creation and Firm Dynamics in the U.S.", paper presented at the NBER Innovation and Economic Policy Conference, April, link to paper can be found at NBER website: https://www.nber.org/confer/(2011)/IPEs11/Haltiwanger_NBER_(2011)_March25.pdf pdf
• Haltiwanger, J., R. Jarmin and J. Miranda (2010), "Who Creates Jobs? Small vs. Large vs.Young", NBER Working Paper No. 16300, August. pdf
• Syverson, C. (2011), "What Determines Productivity?", Journal of Economic Literature, (forthcoming). Link to paper: http://home.uchicago.edu/~syverson/productivitysurvey.pdf pdf

Recommended Readings:

• Asplund, M. and V. Nocker (2006), "Firm Turnover in Imperfectly Competitive Markets", Review of Economic Studies, 73(2): 295-327. pdf
• Baily, M., C. Hulten, and D.Campbell (1992), "Productivity Dynamics in Manufacturing Establishments", Brookings Papers on Economic Activity: Microeconomics, 187-249. pdf
• Bartelsman, E. and M. Doms (2000), "Understanding Productivity: Lessons from Longitudinal Microdata", Journal of Economic Literature, 38(3): 569-595. pdf
• Davis, S., and J. Haltiwanger (1999), "Gross Job Flows", in Ashenfelter and Card (eds.),Handbook of Labor Economics, North-Holland: Amsterdam. pdf
• Davis, S. , J. Haltiwanger, R. Jarmin, C.J. Krizan, J. Miranda, A. Nucci, and K. Sandusky (2009), "Measuring the Dynamics of Young and Small Businesses: Integrating the Employer and Nonemployer Universes", NBER Working paper. No. 13226. Forthcoming in Timothy Dunne, J. Bradford Jensen, and Mark J. Roberts (eds.), "Producer dynamics: new evidence from micro data". pdf
• Dunne, T. M. Roberts, and L. Samuelson (1988), "Patterns of Firm Entry and Exit in U.S. Manufacturing Industries", RAND Journal of Economics, 19(4): 495-515. pdf
• Ericson, R. A. Pakes (1995), "Markov Perfect Industry Dynamics: A Framework for Empirical Work", Review of Economic Studies, Vol. 62(1), 53-82. pdf
• Hopenhayn, H. (1992), "Entry, Exit, and Firm Dynamics in Long Run Equilibrium", Econometrica, 60(5): 1127-1150. pdf
• Jovanovic, B. (1982), "Selection and the Evolution of Industry", Econometrica, 50(3), 649-670. pdf
• Melitz, M. and G. Ottaviano (2008), "Market Size, Trade, and Productivity", Review of Economic Studies, January. pdf

Development and Entrepreneurship

Date:           Saturday, July 30th
Session:        Morning session
Instructor:     Antoinette Schoar (MIT Sloan)
Title:          Development and Entrepreneurship
Req'd Readings: 7 (29%)
Rec'd Readings: 5 (20%)

Required Readings

• Banerjee, A. and Duflo, E. (2004), "Do Firms Want to Borrow More? Testing Credit Constraints Using a Directed Lending Program", MIT Working Paper. pdf
• Bertrand, M., Schoar, A., (2006), "The role of family in family firms", Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, 73-96. pdf
• Bruhn, M., D. Karlan, A. Schoar (2010), "What capital is missing in developing countries", American Economic Review, May. pdf
• De Mel, S., McKenzie, D., and Woodruff, C. (2008), "Returns to Capital in Microenterprises: Evidence from a Field Experiment", The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 123(4): 1329-1372. pdf
• Karlan, D., and J. Zinman (2009), "Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries With a Consumer Credit Field Experiment", Econometrica 77:1993-2008. pdf
• La Porta, R., F. López-de-Silanes, A. Shleifer, and R. Vishny (1998), "Law and Finance", Journal of Political Economy, CIV, 1113-1155 pdf
• Rajan, R., and Zingales, L. (1998), "Financial dependence and growth", American Economic Review, 88: 559-586. pdf

Recommended Readings

• Bennedson, M., Nielsen, K., Perez-Gonzalez, F., Wolfenzon, D. (2007), "Inside the family firm: the role of families in succession decisions and performance", Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, 647-691. pdf
• Bertrand, M., S. Johnson, K. Samphantharak and A. Schoar (2008), "Mixing Family With Business: A Study of Thai Business Groups and the Families Behind Them", The Journal of Financial Economics, June, 88 (3), 466-498. pdf
• Claessens, S., Djankov, S., Lang, L. (2000), "The separation of ownership and control in East Asian Corporation", Journal of Financial Economics 58, 81-112. pdf
• Schoar, A. (2010), "The Divide Between Subsistence and Transformational Entrepreneurship", in: Innovation Policy and the Economy, Vol. 10, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, NBER, University of Chicago Press. pdf
• Udry, C.and Anagol, S. (2006), "The Return to Capital in Ghana", American Economic Review, 96(2): 388-393. pdf

Sociological Approaches to Entrepreneurship

Date:           Saturday, July 30th
Session:        Afternoon session
Instructor:     Olav Sorenson (Yale SOM)
Title:          Sociological Approaches to Entrepreneurship
Req'd Readings: 6 (17%)
Rec'd Readings: 33 (24%)

Required Readings:

• Nanda, Ramana, and Jesper Sørensen (2010), "Workplace peers and entrepreneurship", Management Science, 56: 1116-1126 pdf
• Ruef, Martin (2002), "Strong ties, weak ties and islands: Strutural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation", Industrial and Corporate Change, 11: 427-449 pdf
• Shane, Scott, and Toby E. Stuart (2002), "Organizational endowments and the performance of university startups", Management Science, 48: 154-170 pdf
• Dahl, Michael S., and Olav Sorenson (2011), 'Home sweet home: Entrepreneurs' location choices and the performance of their ventures" pdf
• Stuart, Toby E., Ha Hoang and Ralph C. Hybels (1999), "Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 315-349 pdf
• Leung, Ming D., and Amanda J. Sharkey (2009), "Out of sight, out of mind: The mere labeling effect of multi-category membership in markets" pdf

Suggested additional readings (only those students that are particularly interested should have a look):

1.1 Overviews

• Thornton, Patricia H. (1999), "The sociology of entrepreneurship", Annual Review of Sociology, 25: 19-46 pdf
• Stuart, Toby E., and Olav Sorenson (2005), "Social networks and entrepreneurship", pp 211-228 in Alvarez, Agrawal and Sorenson (Eds.), "Handbook of Entrepreneurship Research: Interdisciplinary Perspectives", Springer pdf

1.2 Social relationships

• Burt, Ronald S. (1992), "Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition", Harvard University Press pdf
• Stuart, Toby E., and Olav Sorenson (2007), "Strategic networks and entrepreneurial ventures", Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1: 211-227 pdf

1.2.1 Influence

• Stuart, Toby E., and Waverly W. Ding (2006), "Why do scientists become entrepreneurs? The social structural antecedents of commercial activity in the academic life sciences", American Journal of Sociology, 112: 97-144 pdf
• Nanda, Ramana, and Jesper Sørensen (2010), "Workplace peers and entrepreneurship", Management Science, 56: 1116-1126 pdf

1.2.2 Opportunity recognition

• Burt, Ronald S. (2004), "Structural holes and good ideas", American Journal of Sociology, 110: 349-399 pdf
• Renzulli, Lisa A., Howard E. Aldrich and James Moody (2000), "Family matters: Gender, networks, and entrepreneurial outcomes", Social Forces, 79: 523-546 pdf
• Ruef, Martin (2002), "Strong ties, weak ties and islands: Strutural and cultural predictors of organizational innovation", Industrial and Corporate Change, 11: 427-449 pdf
• Ryall, Michael and Olav Sorenson (2007), "Brokers and competitive advantage", Management Science, 53: 566-583 pdf
• Lee, Jeongsik (2010), "Heterogeneity, Brokerage, and Innovative Performance: Endogenous formation of collaborative inventor networks", Organization Science, 21: 804-822 pdf

1.2.3 Resource mobilization

• Uzzi, Brian (1996), "The sources and consequences of embeddedness for economic performance of organizations", American Sociological Review, 61: 674-698 pdf
• Sorenson, Olav, and David M.Waguespack (2006), "Social networks and exchange: Selfconfirming dynamics in Hollywood", Administrative Science Quarterly, 51: 560-589 pdf
• Sorenson, Olav, and Toby E. Stuart (2001), "Syndication networks and the spatial distribution of venture capital investments", American Journal of Sociology, 106: 156-1588 pdf
• Shane, Scott, and Toby E. Stuart (2002), "Organizational endowments and the performance of university startups", Management Science, 48: 154-170 pdf
• Hallen, Benjamin L. (2008), "The causes and consequences of the initial network positions of new organizations: From whom do entrepreneurs receive investments?" pdf
• Ruef, Martin, Howard E. Aldrich and Nancy M. Carter (2003), "The structure of founding teams: Homophily, strong ties, and isolation among U.S. entrepreneurs", American Sociological Review, 68: 195-222 pdf
• Ruef, Martin (2010), "The Entrepreneurial Group: Social Identities, Relations, and Collective Action", Princeton University Press Google Books

1.2.4 Consequences

• Sorenson, Olav and Pino G. Audia (2000), "The social structure of entrepreneurial activity: Geographic concentration of footwear production in the United States, 1940-1989", American Journal of Sociology, 106: 424-462 pdf
• Hochberg, Yael V., Alexander Ljungqvist and Yang Lu (2007), "Whom you know matters: Venture capital networks and investment performance", Journal of Finance, 62:251-301 pdf
• Dahl, Michael S., and Olav Sorenson (2011), "Home sweet home: Entrepreneurs' location choices and the performance of their ventures" pdf

1.3 Status

• Podolny, Joel M. (1993), "A status-based model of market competition", American Journal of Sociology, 98: 829-872 pdf
• Stuart, Toby E., Ha Hoang and Ralph C. Hybels (1999), "Interorganizational endorsements and the performance of entrepreneurial ventures", Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 315-349 pdf
• Hsu, David (2004), "What do entrepreneurs pay for venture capital affiliation?", Journal of Finance, 59: 1805-1844 pdf
• Roberts, Peter W., Mukti Khaire and Christopher Rider (2011), "Isolating the symbolic implications of employee mobility: Price increases after hiring winemakers from prominent wineries", American Economic Review, 101: in press pdf

1.4 Categories

• Zuckerman, Ezra W. (1999), "The categorical imperative: Securities analysts and the illegitimacy discount", American Journal of Sociology, 104: 1346-1397 pdf
• Zuckerman, Ezra W., Tai-Young Kim, Kalinda Ukanwa and James von Rittmann (2003), "Robust identities or non-entities? Typecasting in the feature film labor market", American Journal of Sociology, 108: 1018-1075 pdf

1.4.1 Industry emergence

• Ruef, Martin (2000), "The emergence of organizational forms: A community ecology approach", American Journal of Sociology, 106: 658-714 pdf
• McKendrick, David G., Jonathan Jaffee, Glenn R. Carroll and Olga M. Khessina (2003), "In the bud? Disk array producers as a (possibly) emergent organizational form", Aministrative Science Quarterly, 48: 60-93 pdf
• Navis, Chad, and Mary Ann Glynn (2010), "How new market categories emerge:Temporal dynamics of legitimacy, identity, and entrepreneurship in satellite radio, 1990-2005", Administrative Science Quarterly, 55: 439-471 pdf

1.4.2 Legitimacy

• Baron, James N., Michael T. Hannan and M. Diane Burton (2001), "Labor pains: Change in organizational models and employee turnover in young, high-tech firms", American Journal of Sociology, 106: 960-1012 pdf
• Ruef, Martin, and Kelly Patterson (2009), "Credit and classification: The impact of industry boundaries on nineteenth-century America", Administrative Science Quarterly, 54: 486-520 pdf
• Leung, Ming D., and Amanda J. Sharkey (2009), "Out of sight, out of mind: The mere labeling effect of multi-category membership in markets" pdf