Patent Assignment Data Restructure

McNair Project
Patent Assignment Data Restructure
Project Information
Project Title	Patent Data Restructure
Owner	Marcela Interiano, Sonia Zhang
Start Date	201701
Deadline	201705
Keywords	Patent, Data
Primary Billing
Notes
Has project status	Active
Subsumes:	Patent Data (Wiki Page), Patent Data Cleanup - June 2016, Patent Data Extraction Scripts (Tool), USPTO Bulk Data Processing
	Copyright © 2016 edegan.com. All Rights Reserved.

In order to restructure the current patent dataset, the data requires rigorous cleaning. The primary areas for improvement are:

1. Clean ptoassignment table to unique keys.

2. Clean ptoproperties to remove nonutility patents. The patent numbers currently include:

7 digit patent numbers
application numbers
unknown numbers that cannot be matched to patent numbers in the patent table

20090108066

20100007288

20090108066

20100110022

Design and Reissue patents ('%D%' or '%RE%')
alphanumeric character strings

3. Restructure address information in ptoassignee table to extract meaningful information

4. Verify that cleaned patent documentids correspond to patent numbers or application numbers in the patent table

5. Restructure address information in ptoassignment table

6. Transform structure of the dataset

Semester Plan

The final deliverable for the semester is a table with the following structure:

Reel No | Frame No | Invention Title | Filing Date | Patent No | Application No | Publication No | Match By

The schema of the table will be:

 Column          |          Type         | Modifiers
-----------------+-----------------------+-----------
Reel No          |        integer        |
Frame No         |        integer        |
Invention Title  | character varying(500)|
Filing Date      |          date         |
Patent No        |        integer        |
Application No   |        integer        |
Publication No   |        integer        |
Match By         |        integer        |

Currently the pto tables contain varying identifiers for one invention title that is involved in a reassignment. The purpose of the table is to have each identifier for an invention title listed in a single row, making it easy to track the invention through various transactions. The Match By column will inform the user which identifier should be used to match to other tables in the patent database.

Data Cleanup Progress

Patent Number Cleanup

The goal is to only have assignment records on utility patents. The patents in ptoproperty include alphanumerics which represent reissue and design patents as well as mistakes in the data input. Additionally, the documentids include application numbers or ids and publication numbers. The ptoproperty table stores the patent ids as character strings.

First the duplicates were dropped from the ptoproperty table creating ptoproperty_cleaned.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM (SELECT DISTINCT * FROM ptoproperty) As T; 
--27266638
 
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ptoproperty_cleaned;
--27266638

Next, the Reissue and Design patents were removed.

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ptoproperty WHERE documentid LIKE 'RE%';
--38512

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM ptoproperty WHERE documentid LIKE 'D%';
--1128247

Restructure Address Information (First Stage)

Note: This section was worked on by Sonia Zhang

The dbase is patent.

The table is ptoassigneend.

SQL code and other things are in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress

IO files are on the dbase server in:

Z:/PatentAddress

To do

In no particular order:

Remove city, state, zip, country from addrline1 & addrline2 to get clean addrlines.
Maybe concatenate addrline1 and addrline to make addrline
Identify clean data (e.g. City that is a city, zip that is a zip, state that is a state)
- By pattern, length, match to list
Try some more patterns, perhaps with a slightly higher false positive rate, on the remaining uncleaned data
- Iterate!

Introduction

Currently done:

Five features (addrline1, addrline2, city, state, postcode) in the table contain address information.
Features addrline1, addrline2 and city are not cleaned. They can have suite, street, city, state and postcode information, or any combination of these
The first object of this project is to extract postcode, state and city information from the three features above (Section 2.2.2).
Then, we summarize the postcode, state and city information in the original table and those extracted from addresses to generate only one postcode, state and city for each record (Section 2.2.3).
For now, we only focus on American patents.

Extract Address Information

So far these instructions apply to:

Records identified as US (by zip code or country feature) ~3.5m records
Those that well-formatted zip code (5-4) in addrline1, addrline2, and city (not postcode, etc) ~5,000 records

To get the record identified as US, we make the table:

ptoassigneend_allus

This table contains all the U.S. patents extracted from ptoassigneend table. The rule to generate this table is 'country = 'UNITED STATES' ' if any of the features contains U.S. postcode.

Noise exists because of postcode errors.

The ptoassigneend_allus table may miss some U.S. patents which lose postcode records.

SQL code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_allus AS
SELECT * FROM ptoassigneend
WHERE city ~* '.*\d{5}[-]\d{4}.*' OR addrline1 ~* '.*\d{5}[-]\d{4}.*' OR
addrline2 ~* '.*\d{5}[-]\d{4}.*' OR postcode ~* '.*\d{5}[-]\d{4}.*' OR
country ~* 'UNITED STATES';

SELECT 3572682

      Table "public.ptoassigneend_allus"
 Column   |          Type          | Modifiers
----------| -----------------------|-----------
reelno    | integer                |
frameno   | integer                |
name      | character varying(500) |
addrline1 | character varying(500) |
addrline2 | character varying(500) |
city      | character varying(500) |
state     | character varying(500) |
country   | character varying(500) |
postcode  | character varying(80)  |

Postcode

U.S. postcode should follow the pattern five digits - four digits. In this way, U.S. patents can be extracted by searching for postcode with regular expression.

Note: It is too risky to extract just 5 digit postcodes as these might street numbers, or other countries postcodes.

'(^|\s)\d{5}-\d{4}($|\s)'

For example,

                city                  | postcode_extracted
--------------------------------------|-------------------
NEW YORK, NY 10022-3201               | 10022-3201
BEAVERTON, OREGON 97005-6453          | 97005-6453
SANTA BARBARA, CA 93130-3003          | 93130-3003
NEW YORK NY 10022-3201                | 10022-3201
SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3453              | 94088-3453
94088-3470                            | 94088-3470
CS 46510-35065 RENNES CEDEX           | 46510-3506
NEW YORK, NY 10013-2412               | 10013-2412
OALKLAND, CA 94612-3550               | 94612-3550
OXFORD CT 06483-1011                  | 06483-1011

The extracted postcode is in table ptoassigneend_us_extracted.

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

State

The following patterns can be used to extract state information.

Note: a,b,c are to be run on city, addrline1, and addrline2. We use city as an example below.

a. ', State Postcode'

The state and postcode are always together, separated by a space. We can extract state information with regular expression

'([,]|[.])\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'

SQL Code:

WHEN city ~* '([,]|[.])\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(replace(regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(city, '[,]\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\d{5}-\d{4}', ),',',)))

Examples:

                city                  |  state_city
--------------------------------------|-----------
NEW YORK, NY 10022-3201               | NY
BEAVERTON, OREGON 97005-6453          | OREGON
SANTA BARBARA, CA 93130-3003          | CA
SUNNYVALE, CA 94088-3453              | CA
NEW YORK, NY 10013-2412               | NY
OALKLAND, CA 94612-3550               | CA
SANTA CLARA, CA 95052-8090            | CA
PEORIA, IL  61629-6490                | IL
MIDVALE, UTAH 84047-1408              | UTAH
OAKLAND, CA 94612-3550                | CA
HARRISBURG, PA 17105-3608             | PA
ROCHESTER, NY  14650-2201             | NY
NEW YORK, NY  10013-2412              | NY
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77256-6571             | TEXAS
BROOKINGS, SOUTH DAKOTA 57006-0128    | SOUTH DAKOTA

b. '\s State(abbreviation) Postcode'

'(^|\s)\w{2}\s{1}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'

SQL code:

WHEN city ~* '(^|\s)\w{2}\s{1}\d{5}[-]\d{4}' 
THEN regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(city, '\w{2}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\d{5}-\d{4}', )

Examples:

NEW YORK NY 10022-3201    |NY
WAUKEGAN IL 60085-2195    |IL

c. 'D.C.'

'D[.]C[.]\s\d{5}-\d{4}'

SQL code:

WHEN city ~* 'D[.]C[.]\s\d{5}-\d{4}'
THEN 'D.C.'

d. 'A CORP.* OF State'

This pattern is not reliable. When 'addrline1' looks this way, 'addrline2' always provide more detailed address information than 'addrline1'. Besides, a great part of state info extracted from 'A CORP.* OF [State]' doesn't match the state extracted from detailed 'addrline2'. In this way, we discard this pattern.

Examples:

addrline1                                                                                | addrline2
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A CORP. OF NEW YORK                                                                      | ONE LINCOLN FIRST SQUARE, ROCHESTER, NEW YORK, NY 14601-0054
A CORPORATION OF NY                                                                      | 550 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022-3201
A NON-PROFIT CORP. OF WASHINGTON                                                         | 4225 ROOSEVELT WAY NE, STE. 303 SEATTLE, WA 98105-6099
A CORP. OF MN                                                                            | 2611 NORTH SECOND ST.,                                      MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55411-1633
A CORPORATION OF DE                                                                      | 612 WHEELER'S FARM RD.                                      MILFORD, CT 06460-8719
A CORP. OF WA.                                                                           | 411 FIRST AVENUE SOUTH                                      SEATTLE, WASHINGTON 98104-2871
A CORPORATION OF OREGON                                                                  | ONE BOWERMAN DRIVE, BEAVERTON, OREGON 97005-6453
A CORPORATION OF                                                                         | ONE BOWERMAN DRIVE BEAVERTON, OR 97005-6453
A CORP. OF INDIANA                                                                       | 4810 TECUMSEH LANE, POST OFFICE BOX 15190                   EVANSVILLE, INDIANA 47716-0190
A CORPORATION OF PA                                                                      | 7200 SUTER ROAD, COOPERSBURG, PA 18036-1299
A CORP. OF DE                                                                            | SCARBORO & BEAR CREEK ROAD, P.O. BOX 2009                   OAK RIDGE, TENNESSEE 37831-8014

If you're interested, the SQL code is

WHEN addrline1 ~* 'CORP.*OF(\s|$)'
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(SUBSTRING(regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(addrline1, 'CORP.*OF.*'),'CORP.*OF', ), 1, 18)))

Summary

The extracted state records are stored in the table ptoassigneend_us_extracted.

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

City

The following patterns can be used to extract city information.

a. '\s{2,} CityName [,] State Postcode'

SQL code:

CASE WHEN addrline1 ~* '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}' 
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(addrline1, '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5} [-]\d{4}'),'.*[,]'),',',)))

Examples (in any of addrline1, addrline2, and city):

source                                                                                          |extracted
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------
800 CHRYSLER DR. EAST                                       AUBURN HILLS, MICHIGAN  48326-2757  |AUBURN HILLS
550 MADISON AVENUE                                          NEW YORK, NEW YORK 10022-3201       |NEW YORK
P.O. BOX 15439                                              WILMINGTON, DE  19850-5439          |WILMINGTON

Some noise exists (just a little).

1313 N. MARKET STREET                                       HERCULES PLAZAWILMINGTON, DE  19894-0001

b. '[,]\s{1,} CityName [,] State Postcode'

SQL code:

CASE WHEN addrline1 ~* '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}' 
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(addrline1, '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'),'.*[,]'),',',)))

Example:

source                                                                     |extracted
---------------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------
920 DISC DRIVE, SCOTTS VALLEY, CA 95067-0360                               |SCOTTS VALLEY
550 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10022-3201                                |NEW YORK
BALLSTON TOWER ONE 800 NORTH QUINCY STREET, ARLINGTON, VA   22217-5660     |ARLINGTON

c. 'CityName [,] State Postcode' (no leading spaces)

SQL code:

WHEN addrline1 ~* '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(addrline1, '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '.*[,]'),',', )

Examples:

PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-3147   |PHILADELPHIA
ROCHESTER, NY 14650-2201      |ROCHESTER

d. 'CityName State(abbreviation) Postcode' (no leading spaces)

SQL code:

WHEN addrline1 ~* '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\w{2}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(addrline1, '^\w{1,}\s{0,1}\w{0,}\s{1,}\w{2}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\w{2}\s\d{5}[-]\d{4}', )

Examples:

TARRYTOWN NY 10591-6706       |TARRYTOWN

e. Special cases

Examples:

 BATON, ROUGE, LA 70809-4562 ('BATON ROUGH' is separated by a comma)          
 ST. PAUL, MIN 55133-3427 ('ST. PAUL' contains a dot)
 QUINCY STREETARLINGTON, VA 22217-5660 (no space between street and city name :(

SQL code:

CASE WHEN addrline1 ~* 'BATON[,] ROUGE[,]\s{1}LA'
THEN 'BATON ROUGE'
WHEN addrline1 ~* 'ST[.]\s{1}PAUL'
THEN 'ST. PAUL'
WHEN addrline1 ~* 'ARLINGTON[,]\s{1}VA'
THEN 'ARLINGTON'

Noise:

CityName State (full name) Postcode' (no leading spaces)

NEW YORK NEW YORK 10022-3201

This pattern can't be identified because of much noise.

'CityName Postcode' (no leading spaces)

LITTLE ELM  75068-3787    
OAK RIDGE  37831-6498

This pattern can't be identified because of the noise:

MASSACHUSETTS 02780-7319   ('State'+'Postcode')

no space between street and city name :(

BOX 87703CHICAGO, IL  60680-0703

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

Output (Tables)

ptoassigneend_us_extracted

Contain all the original features as well as city, state and postcode info extracted from features addrline1, addrline2 and city. See Section 2.2.1 for details.

     Table "public.ptoassigneend_us_extracted"
    Column     |          Type          | Modifiers
---------------|------------------------|-----------
reelno         | integer                |
frameno        | integer                |
name           | character varying(500) |
addrline1      | character varying(500) |
addrline2      | character varying(500) |
city           | character varying(500) |
state          | character varying(500) |
country        | character varying(500) |
postcode       | character varying(80)  |
postqcode_city | text                   |
postcode_addr1 | text                   |
postcode_addr2 | text                   |
state_city     | text                   |
state_addr1    | text                   |
state_addr2    | text                   |
city_addr1     | text                   |
city_addr2     | text                   |
city_city      | text                   |

postcode_city is the postcode extracted from 'city'
postcode_addr1 is the postcode extracted from 'addrline1'
postcode_addr2 is the postcode extracted from 'addrline2'
state_city is the state name extracted from 'city'
state_addr1 is the state name extracted from 'addrline1'
state_addr2 is the state name extracted from 'addrline2'
city_city is the city name extracted from 'city'
city_addr1 is the city name extracted from 'addrline1'
city_addr2 is the city name extracted from 'addrline2'

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

Clean Address Info (Master Table)

Introduction

As mentioned in Section 2.2.2, city, state and postcode info are extracted from 'addrline1', 'addrline2' and 'city'. Original table also contains 'postcode', 'city' and 'state'. In this way, we have four candidates for city, state and postcode.

Info extracted from addresses and that in the original table are not necessarily consistent.

The object of this section is to pick out the best postcode, city and state for each record, and create a Master Table with original features and cleaned postcode, city, and state.

Postcode

Reminder: 'postcode_city' is the postcodes extracted from 'city'; 'postcode_addr1' is the postcodes extracted from 'addrline1'; 'postcode_addr2' is the postcodes extracted from 'addrline2'.

The 'postcode_city', 'postcode_addr1' and 'postcode_addr2' are all consistent!

Examples:

postcode_addr1 | postcode_addr2
---------------|---------------
90401-1708     | 90401-1708
37831-8243     | 37831-8243

The issue is the inconsistency between 'postcode' and ('postcode_city', 'postcode_addr1' and 'postcode_addr2').

Inconsistency between 'postcode' and 'postcode_addr1'

Case 1: 'postcode_addr1' beats 'postcode' because 'addrline1' is detailed. For example:

                                                                        addrline1                                                                          | postcode_addr1 | postcode
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------|-----------
P.O. BOX 6 / 83707-0006                                                                                                                                    | 83707-0006     | 83716
BLDG. C01, M.S. A126 P.O. BOX 80028 LOS  ANGELES, CA 90080-0028                                                                                            | 90080-0028     | 90045
P. O. BOX 1407, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77251-1407                                                                                                                  | 77251-1407     | 77042
841 3RD, LONGVIEW, WASHINGTON 98632-0189                                                                                                                   | 98632-0189     | 95404
2210 W. OAKLAWN, 72762-6999                                                                                                                                | 72762-6999     | 72765-2020
BLDG. CO1, M.S. A126, P.O. BOX 80028 LOS ANGELES, CA  90080-0028                                                                                           | 90080-0028     | 90045
P.O. BOX 6 / 83707-0006                                                                                                                                    | 83707-0006     | 83716

Inconsistency between 'postcode' and 'postcode_addr2'

Case 2: 'postcode_addr2' beats 'postcode' because 'addrline2' is detailed.

Example:

                                              addrline2                                               | postcode_addr2 | postcode
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|----------------|----------
P.O. BOX 6 / 83707-0006                                                                               | 83707-0006     | 83716-9632
P.O. BOX 5800 - MS0161, ALBUQUERQUE, NEW MEXICO 87185-0161                                            | 87185-0161     | 87123-0161
P.O. BOX 674412, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77267-4412                                                            | 77267-4412     | 77002
WASHINGTON, DC  20250-1400                                                                            | 20250-1400     | 61604
BOX 10076, HATTIESBURGH, MISSISSIPPI  39406-0076                                                      | 39406-0076     | 39402
P.O. BOX 674412, HOUSTON, TEXAS 77267-4412                                                            | 77267-4412     | 77032
P.O. BOX 6 / 83707-0006                                                                               | 83707-0006     | 83716-9632
P.O. BOX 6 / 83707-0006                                                                               | 83707-0006     | 83716-9632
P.O. BOX 27115-4191                                                                                   | 27115-4191     | 27105-4191
P.O. BOX 674412, HOUSTON, TX 77267-4412                                                               | 77267-4412     | 77002

Besides, I randomly picked some records and googled address and postcode. The results support 'postcode_addr2'.

Examples:

Micron Technology, Inc.
8000 South Federal Way
Post Office Box 6
Boise 83707-0006
USA
Tel: Ph: 208-368-4000

WebsterBank, NA
50 Kennedy Plaza
11th Floor Suite 110 (Mail Stop: PR-105)
Providence, RI 02903

Inconsistency between 'postcode' and 'postcode_city'

Case 3: 'postcode_city' beats 'postcode'.

        city          |  state   | postcode_city | postcode
----------------------|----------|---------------|----------
HAUPPAUGE, 11788-8847 | NEW YORK | 11788-8847    | 78759

Output

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

For records of which 'addrline1', 'addrline2' and 'city' don't contain postcode info, just clean the 'postcode' as the 'postcode_cleaned'

All the cleaned postcodes for U.S. patents are stored in ptoassigneend_us_cleaned (see feature postcode_cleaned).

State

Reminder: 'state_city' is the states extracted from 'city'; 'state_addr1' is the states extracted from 'addrline1'; 'state_addr2' is the states extracted from 'addrline2'.

The 'state_city', 'state_addr1' and 'state_addr2' are consistent.

Examples:

state_addr2 | state_city
------------|-----------
ILLINOIS    | ILLINOIS
IL          | IL
IL          | IL
CT          | CT
MN          | MN
CA          | CA

One reason for the inconsistency between 'state' and ('state_city', 'state_addr1' and 'state_addr2') is the co-existence of abbreviation and full form. So they are the same actually. Otherwise, 'state_city', 'state_addr1' and 'state_addr2' beat 'state' because they are detailed.

For records of which 'addrline1', 'addrline2' and 'city' don't contain state info, just take 'state' as the 'state_cleaned'.

Output

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

All the cleaned states for U.S. patents are stored in ptoassigneend_us_cleaned (see feature state_cleaned).

Note: We might want to convert state names to standard codes.

City

Reminder: 'city_city' is the city info extracted from 'city'; 'city_addr1' is the city info extracted from 'addrline1'; 'city_addr2' is the city info extracted from 'addrline2'.

The 'city_city', 'city_addr1' and 'city_addr2' are consistent.

Examples:

  city_addr2 |  city_city
-------------|--------------
BOISE        | BOISE
THOMASVILLE  | THOMASVILLE
CARROLLTON   | CARROLLTON
CINCINNATI   | CINCINNATI
CINCINNATI   | CINCINNATI
PEORIA       | PEORIA
OAK RIDGE    | OAK RIDGE
CARROLLTON   | CARROLLTON

'city_city', 'city_addr1' and 'city_addr2' beat 'city' because they are detailed.

For records of which 'addrline1', 'addrline2' and 'city' don't contain city info, just keep 'city' as the 'city_cleaned'.

Output

SQL code is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

All the cleaned cities for U.S. patents are stored in ptoassigneend_us_cleaned. (see feature city_cleaned)

Output (Table)

ptoassigneend_us_cleaned

        Table "public.ptoassigneend_us_cleaned"
      Column        |          Type          | Modifiers
--------------------|------------------------|-----------
reelno              | integer                |
frameno             | integer                |
name                | character varying(500) |
addrline1           | character varying(500) |
addrline2           | character varying(500) |
city                | character varying(500) |
state               | character varying(500) |
country             | character varying(500) |
postcode            | character varying(80)  |
postcode_addr1      | text                   |
postcode_addr2      | text                   |
postcode_city       | text                   |
state_addr1         | text                   |
state_addr2         | text                   |
state_city          | text                   |
city_addr1          | text                   |
city_addr2          | text                   |
city_city           | text                   |
postcode_cleaned    | text                   |
postcode_f5_cleaned | text                   |
state_cleaned       | text                   |
city_cleaned        | text                   |

Feature postcode_cleaned, postcode_f5_cleaned (first five digits), state_cleaned and city_cleaned are cleaned postcode, state and city info.

Functions to Simplify SQL Code

Extraction

Postcode

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ExtractPostcode(adr text) RETURNS text AS $$ 
	BEGIN
		RETURN SUBSTRING(adr, '\d{5}[-]\d{4}');
	END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;

Explanation:

adr is the feature from which you want to extract postcode.

State

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ExtractState(adr text) RETURNS text AS $$
    SELECT 
CASE WHEN adr ~* '([,]|[.])\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(replace(regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(adr, '[,]\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\d{5}-\d{4}', ),',',)))
WHEN adr ~* '(^|\s)\w{2}\s{1}\d{5}[-]\d{4}' 
THEN regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(adr, '\w{2}\s{1,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\d{5}-\d{4}', ) 
WHEN adr ~* 'D[.]C[.]\s\d{5}-\d{4}'
THEN 'D.C.'
ELSE NULL END AS result;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

Explanation:

adr is the feature from which you want to extract state.

City

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ExtractCity(adr text) RETURNS text AS $$
   SELECT 
CASE WHEN adr ~* '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}' 
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(adr, '\s{2,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'),'.*[,]'),',',)))
WHEN adr ~* '[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN LTRIM(RTRIM(REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(adr, '[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'),'[,].*[,]'),',',)))
WHEN adr ~* '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN REPLACE(SUBSTRING(SUBSTRING(adr, '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}[,]\s{0,}\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '.*[,]'),',', )
WHEN adr ~* '^\w{1,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{0,}\w{2}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'
THEN regexp_replace(SUBSTRING(adr, '^\w{1,}\s{0,1}\w{0,}\s{1,}\w{2}\s{0,}\d{5}[-]\d{4}'), '\w{2}\s\d{5}[-]\d{4}', )
WHEN adr ~* 'BATON[,] ROUGE[,]\s{1}LA'
THEN 'BATON ROUGE'
WHEN adr ~* 'ST[.]\s{1}PAUL'
THEN 'ST. PAUL'
WHEN adr ~* 'ARLINGTON[,]\s{1}VA'
THEN 'ARLINGTON'
ELSE NULL END AS result;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

Explanation:

adr is the feature from which you want to extract city.

With these functions, we can generate ptoassigneend_us_extracted, which is the final output in Section 2.2.1, with the following code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_extracted AS
SELECT *, ExtractPostcode(city) postcode_city,
ExtractPostcode(addrline1) postcode_addr1,
ExtractPostcode(addrline2) postcode_addr2,
ExtractState(city) state_city,
ExtractState(addrline1) state_addr1,
ExtractState(addrline2) state_addr2,
ExtractCity(city) city_city,
ExtractCity(addrline1) city_addr1,
ExtractCity(addrline2) city_addr2
FROM ptoassigneend_missus;

All the SQL is in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Functions.sql

Cleaning

Clean Postcode

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION PostcodeClean (text,text,text,text) RETURNS text AS $$
    $pri1=$_[0];
    $pri2=$_[1];
    $pri3=$_[2];
    $postcode=$_[3];
    if ($pri1) {return $pri1;}
    if ($pri2) {return $pri2;}
    if ($pri3) {return $pri3;}
    if ($postcode) {
    	if ($postcode = ~ '\d{5}-\d{4}') {return $postcode}
    	if ($postcode = ~ '\d{5}') {return $postcode}
    }
    return undef;
$$ LANGUAGE plperl;

Explanation:

$pri1 is the feature with the highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.1 is postcode_addr1)
$pri2 is the feature with the second highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.1 is postcode_addr2)
$pri3 is the feature with the third highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.1 is postcode_city)
$postcode is the feature postcode.

Clean State

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION StateClean (text,text,text,text) RETURNS text AS $$
    $pri1=$_[0];
    $pri2=$_[1];
    $pri3=$_[2];
    $state=$_[3];
    if ($pri1) {return $pri1;}
    if ($pri2) {return $pri2;}
    if ($pri3) {return $pri3;}
    if ($state) {return $state;}
    return undef;
$$ LANGUAGE plperl;

Explanation:

$pri1 is the feature with the highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.2 is state_addr1)
$pri2 is the feature with the second highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.2 is state_addr2)
$pri3 is the feature with the third highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.2 is state_city)
$state is the feature state.

Clean City

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION CityClean (text,text,text,text) RETURNS text AS $$
    $pri1=$_[0];
    $pri2=$_[1];
    $pri3=$_[2];
    $city=$_[3];
    if ($pri1) {return $pri1;}
    if ($pri2) {return $pri2;}
    if ($pri3) {return $pri3;}
    if ($city) {return $city;}
    return undef;
$$ LANGUAGE plperl;

Explanation:

$pri1 is the feature with the highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.3 is city_addr1)
$pri2 is the feature with the second highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.3 is city_addr2)
$pri3 is the feature with the third highest priority, which in this case (see Section 2.2.2.3 is city_city)
$city is the feature city.

Issues

Inconsistency between 'addrline' and 'country'

Example:

                                          addrline2                                           |            city             | country
2882 SAND HILL ROAD                                         MENLO PARK, CALIFORNIA 94025-7022 | TOKYO                       | JAPAN
2801 CENTERVILLE ROAD, P.O. BOX 15439                       WILMINGTON, DE 19850-5439         | TOKYO                       | JAPAN
1-6, UCHISAIWAI-CHO 1-CHOME                                                                   | CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO           | JAPAN
MENLO PARK, CA 94025-7022                                                                     | TOKYO                       | JAPAN
                                                                                              | MINATO-KU, TOKYO 10585-8518 | JAPAN
1225 NORTH HIGHWAY 169,                                     MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA 55441-5058 | TOKYO                       | JAPAN
2882 SAND HILL ROAD                                         MENLO PARK, CA 94025-7022         | TOKYO                       | JAPAN
3001 ORCHARD PARKWAY                                        SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95134-2088   | TOKYO 107                   | JAPAN
3001 ORCHARD PARKWAY                                        SAN JOSE, CA  95134-2088          | MINATO-KU, TOKYO 107        | JAPAN
3001 ORCHARD PARKWAY                                        SAN JOSE, CALIFORNIA 95134-2088   | TOKYO 107                   | JAPAN
3001 ORCHARD PARKWAY                                        SAN JOSE, CA 95134-2088           | MINATO-KU, TOKYO 107        | JAPAN

The post code and zip regex for other countries besides U.S. can be found here:

http://stackoverflow.com/questions/578406/what-is-the-ultimate-postal-code-and-zip-regex

Example:

"US", "\d{5}([ \-]\d{4})?"
"CA", "[ABCEGHJKLMNPRSTVXY]\d[ABCEGHJ-NPRSTV-Z][ ]?\d[ABCEGHJ-NPRSTV-Z]\d"
"DE", "\d{5}"
"JP", "\d{3}-\d{4}"
"FR", "\d{2}[ ]?\d{3}"

The city feature needs to be standardized. For example, 'GRAND CAYMAN, CAYMAN ISLAND' and 'GRAND CAYMAN' indicate the same city.

Both state name and its abbreviation exist.

Restructure Address Information (Second Stage)

Note: This section was worked on by Sonia Zhang

The dbase is patent.

The table is ptoassigneend.

SQL code and other things are in:

E:/McNair/Projects/PatentAddress/Cleaning_Step2.sql

IO files are on the dbase server in:

Z:/PatentAddress

To do

In no particular order:

Remove city, state, zip, country from addrline1 & addrline2 to get clean addrlines.
Maybe concatenate addrline1 and addrline to make addrline
Identify clean data (e.g. City that is a city, zip that is a zip, state that is a state)
- By pattern, length, match to list
Try some more patterns, perhaps with a slightly higher false positive rate, on the remaining uncleaned data
- Iterate!

Identify Clean Data

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify0

As mentioned, the ptoassigneend_us_extracted is cleaned. Copy all the records in ptoassigneend_us_extracted to ptoassigneend_us_identify0.

Store remaining records in ptoassigneend_us_temp.

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify1

The following section works on the remaining records which are stored in ptoassigneend_us_temp.

First, filter out records with city that is a city, zip that is a zip, state that is a state.

Note: The consistency between city and state or city and postcode is not checked in this section.

ptoassigneend_us_citylist

Select clean city records in ptoassigneend_us_extracted and store them in ptoassigneend_us_citylist (775).

Since the city list is not long, I briefly cleaned the list by hand, and updated the ptoassigneend_us_citylist (730).

zip that is a zip

Match the pattern 5-4 or 5 digits.

state that is a state

Select distinct state records with

SELECT DISTINCT state FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp;

The output shows that all the records not null or not spaces are valid state names.

city that is a city

One option to identify clean city is to find records that match ptoassigneend_us_citylist.

SQL Code:

SELECT city
FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp
WHERE city IN (
    SELECT citylist
    FROM ptoassigneend_us_citylist);
-- SELECT 2603422

The table ptoassigneend_us_identify1 stores records that meet all the requirements above: zip with 5-4 or 5 digits, state not null or not spaces, and city in ptoasigneend_us_citylist.

SQL Code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_identify1 AS
SELECT *
FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp
WHERE city IN (
    SELECT citylist
    FROM ptoassigneend_us_citylist) AND
    state IS NOT NULL AND state !=  AND
    postcode ~* '\d{5}';
SELECT 2511356

Store remaining records in ptoassigneend_us_temp2.

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify2

Part of 'city' contains punctuation. Remove punctuation marks, and then match 'city' with ptoassigneend_us_citylist.

SELECT *, replace(city, ',', ) clean_city
FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp2;
# SELECT 1055874

The output is ptoassigneend_us_identify2.

SQL code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_identify2 AS
SELECT *
FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp3
WHERE clean_city IN (
    SELECT citylist
    FROM ptoassigneend_us_citylist) AND
    state IS NOT NULL AND state !=  AND
    postcode ~* '\d{5}';    
# SELECT 14508

Store remaining data (excluding data in ptoassigneend_us_identify0, ptoassigneend_us_identify1 & ptoassigneend_us_identify2) in ptoassigneend_temp3.

Clean Address: more patterns

Object: ptoassigneend_temp3

SQL code is in E:\McNair\Projects\PatentAddress\Cleaning_Step2.sql

Clean Postcode

Identifying five-digit postcode is risky because of the existence of P.O. BOX #, SUITE #, etc.

One option is to identify state and postcode together with the following SQL code: (take 'addrline1' as an example)

SQL function:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ExtractPostcode2(adr text) RETURNS text AS $$
    SELECT CASE WHEN (adr ~* '([,]|[.])\s\w{2,}\s{0,}\w{0,}\s{1,}\d{5}' OR 
adr ~* '(^|\s)\w{2}\s{1}\d{5}') AND 
NOT (adr ~* 'BO' OR adr ~* 'P[.]O') AND
NOT (adr ~* 'SUITE\s\d{5}')
THEN SUBSTRING(adr, '\d{5}')
ELSE NULL END AS result;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

Examples:

                                                                                                    addrline1                                                                                                     | substring
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
1650 WEST BIG BEAVER ROAD                                   TROY, MI 48084                                                                                                                                        | 48084
1114 AVE NY NY 10036                                                                                                                                                                                              | 10036
GLENDALE, CA  91204                                                                                                                                                                                               | 91204
14714 F. PERTHSHIRE 77079                                                                                                                                                                                         | 14714
314 N. JACKSON STREET, JACKSON 49201                                                                                                                                                                              | 49201
LAGUNA HILLS, CA 92653                                                                                                                                                                                            | 92653
1 ARAB, ALABAMA 35016                                                                                                                                                                                             | 35016
1205 SIXTH ST. SOUTHEAST 33907                                                                                                                                                                                    | 33907
767 FIFTH AVE.,                                             NEW YORK, NY 10153                                                                                                                                    | 10153

Even excluding the P.O. BOX # and SUITE #, noise exists.

After extracting postcode, next, the following function is used to get clean postcode.

The priority is 'postcode' if it is '\d{5}', postcode_addr1, postcode_addr2, postcode_city

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION PostcodeClean2 (text,text,text,text) RETURNS text AS $$

   $pri1=$_[0];
   $pri2=$_[1

];

   $pri3=$_[2];
   $postcode=$_[3];
   if ($postcode) {return $postcode;}
   if ($pri1) {return $pri1;}
   if ($pri2) {return $pri2;}
   if ($pri3) {return $pri3;}
   return undef;

$$ LANGUAGE plperl;

The details and SQL function are in E:\McNair\Projects\PatentAddress\Cleang_Step2.sql

The output is table ptoassigneend_us_postex which include a new feature 'postcode_extracted'.

Clean city

'city' can be cleaned using the following patterns.

Pattern 1: 'city' is like 'city name, state ID'

Pattern 2: 'city' is like 'city name, state postcode (5 digits)'

Pattern 3: 'city' is like 'city name,'

The SQL function is:

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION ExtractCity2(adr text) RETURNS text AS $$
    SELECT 
CASE WHEN adr ~* '[,]\s{1,}\w{2}(\s{1,}|$|[.]|[,])' OR
adr ~* '[,]\s{1}\w{1}[.]\w{1}[.]'
THEN REPLACE(SUBSTRING(adr, '.*[,]'),',',)
WHEN adr ~* '[,].*\d{5}$'
THEN REPLACE(SUBSTRING(adr, '.*[,]'),',',)
WHEN adr ~* '.*[,]$'
THEN REPLACE(adr, ',', )
ELSE adr END AS result;
$$ LANGUAGE SQL;

The details and SQL function are in E:\McNair\Projects\PatentAddress\Cleang_Step2.sql

The output is table ptoassigneend_us_postex2 which include a new feature 'city_extracted' and 'postcode_extracted'.

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_postex2 AS
SELECT *, ExtractCity2(city) city_extracted
FROM ptoassigneend_us_postex;

Identify Clean Data (Round Two)

A new list of city is extracted in Section 4.3.2. This list, combined with 'ptoassigneend_us_citylist', creates a new city list 'ptoassigneend_us_citylist2' which can be used to identify clean data.

Since the city list is not long, I briefly cleaned the list by hand, and stored it in ptoassigneend_us_citylist2.

Actually, we can buy a full list of U.S. cities online: https://www.uscitieslist.org/. Just update the ptoassigneend_us_citylist and follow the following steps.

Then, similar to Section 4.2, identify clean data that meets all the requirements: postcode_extracted with 5-4 or 5 digits, state not null or not spaces, and city_extracted in ptoasigneend_us_citylist2.

SQL Code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_identify3 AS
SELECT *
FROM ptoassigneend_us_postex2 
WHERE city_extracted IN (
   SELECT citylist
   FROM ptoassigneend_us_citylist2) AND
   state IS NOT NULL AND state !=  AND
   postcode_extracted ~* '\d{5}';

SELECT 664524

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify3

       Table "public.ptoassigneend_us_identify3"
      Column       |          Type          | Modifiers
-------------------|------------------------|-----------
reelno             | integer                |
frameno            | integer                |
name               | character varying(500) |
addrline1          | character varying(500) |
addrline2          | character varying(500) |
city               | character varying(500) |
state              | character varying(500) |
country            | character varying(500) |
postcode           | character varying(80)  |
postcode_extracted | text                   |
city_extracted     | text                   |

Remaining records are in table ptoassigneend_us_temp4.

One problem for the REMAINING records is that the postcode is missing.

If we relax the requirements for postcode, we'll get clean data (city that is a city, state that is a state) stored in ptoassigneend_us_identify4.

SQL code:

CREATE TABLE ptoassigneend_us_identify4 AS
SELECT *
FROM ptoassigneend_us_temp4
WHERE city_extracted IN (
   SELECT citylist
   FROM ptoassigneend_us_citylist2) AND
   state IS NOT NULL AND state != ;
SELECT 136958

Remaining records are in table ptoassigneend_us_temp5 (SELECT 239875).

Patent Assignment Data Restructure

Contents

Semester Plan

Data Cleanup Progress

Patent Number Cleanup

Restructure Address Information (First Stage)

To do

Introduction

Extract Address Information

Postcode

State

City

Output (Tables)

Clean Address Info (Master Table)

Introduction

Postcode

State

City

Output (Table)

Functions to Simplify SQL Code

Extraction

Cleaning

Issues

Restructure Address Information (Second Stage)

To do

Identify Clean Data

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify0

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify1

Output: ptoassigneend_us_identify2

Clean Address: more patterns

Clean Postcode

Clean city

Identify Clean Data (Round Two)

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