American Regional Differences Study Citations

Employment Growth and Entrepreneurial Activity in Cities by Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington

  @article{acs_employment_2004,
  title = {Employment {Growth} and {Entrepreneurial} {Activity} in {Cities}},
  volume = {38},
  issn = {0034-3404},
  url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0034340042000280938},
  doi = {10.1080/0034340042000280938},
  abstract = {Acs Z. J. and Armington C. (2004) Employment growth and entrepreneurial activity in cities, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Recent theories of economic growth have stressed the role of externalities in generating growth. Using data from the Census Bureau that tracks all employers in the whole US private-sector economy, the impact of these externalities, as measured by entrepreneurial activity, on employment growth in Local Market Areas are examined. Differences in levels of entrepreneurial activity, diversity among geographically proximate industries and the extent of human capital are positively associated with variation in growth rates, but the manufacturing sector appears to be an exception. Acs Z. J. et Armington C. (2004) La croissance de l'emploi et l'esprit d'entreprise dans les grandes villes, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Des théories récentes de la croissance économique ont souligné l'importance des effets externes. A partir des données provenant du Census Bureau, institut national de la statistique qui fait le suivi de tous les employeurs dans toute l'économie privée aux Etats-Unis, cet article cherche à examiner les retombées de ces effets externes-là, mesurés en termes de l'esprit d'entreprise, sur la croissance de l'emploi dans les bassins d'emplois locaux. Il s'avère que les écarts des les niveaux de l'esprit d'entreprise, la diversité des industries à proximité, et l'importance du capital humain sont en corrélation étroite avec la variation des taux de croissance, à une exception près, le secteur industriel. Acs Z. J. und Armington C. (2004) Zunahme der Arbeitsstellen und Unternehmertätigkeit in Städten, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Kürzlich aufgekommene Theorien wirtschaftlichen Wachstums haben die Rolle externer Effekte bei der Wachstumsentwicklung betont. Mit Hilfe von Daten des Census Bureaus, das sämtliche Arbeitgeber des Privatsektors der Wirtschaft der USA erfaßt, wird die Auswirkung dieser externen Effekte auf die Zunahme von Erwerbsstellen in 'Local Market Areas' durch Messung an Hand unternehmerischer Aktivität untersucht. Es wird festgestellt, daß Unterschiede der Stufen unternehmerischer Aktivität, Vielfalt in geographisch benachbarten Industrien und der Umfang des Menschenkapitals in positiver Verbindung mit Abweichungen bei Zuwachsraten auftreten, obschon der herstellende Sektor hierbei eine Ausnahme darstellt. Acs Z. J. y Armington C. (2004) Crecimiento en el empleo y actividad emprendedora en las ciudades, Regional Studies38, 911-927. Las teorías recientes sobre el crecimiento económico han enfatizado el rol de las externalidades en la generación de crecimiento. Utilizando datos de la Oficina del Censo que siguen la trayectoria de todos los empresarios en la totalidad de la economía del sector privado en los Estados Unidos, examinamos el impacto de estas externalidades, medido por medio del grado de actividad emprendedora, en el crecimiento del empleo en Áreas de Mercado Local. Encontramos que las diferencias en los niveles de actividad empresarial, la diversidad entre industrias que estÁn geogrÁficamente próximas, y el grado de capital humano estÁn positivamente asociados a una variación en los índices de crecimiento, pero el sector manufacturero parece presentar una excepción.},
  number = {8},
  urldate = {2017-04-03},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  author = {Acs, Zoltan and Armington, Catherine},
  month = nov,
  year = {2004},
  keywords = {Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship, Industry diversity, Knowledge spillovers},
  pages = {911--927},
  file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/35FA6H4D/0034340042000280938.html:text/html}

The city as innovation machine by Richard Florida, Patrick Adler, and Charlotta Mellander

  @article{florida_city_2017,
  title = {The city as innovation machine},
  volume = {51},
  issn = {0034-3404},
  doi = {10.1080/00343404.2016.1255324},
  abstract = {The city as innovation machine. Regional Studies. This paper puts cities and urban regions at the very centre of the processes of innovation and entrepreneurship. It combines the insights of Jane Jacobs and recent urban research on the role of the city with the literature on innovation and entrepreneurship going back to Joseph Schumpeter. Innovation and entrepreneurship and their geography privileges the firm, industry clusters and/or the individual and poses the city as a container for them. By marrying Jacobs' insights on cities to those of Schumpeter on innovation, it is argued that innovation and entrepreneurship do not simply take in place in cities but in fact require them.},
  language = {English},
  number = {1},
  journal = {Regional Studies},
  author = {Florida, Richard and Adler, Patrick and Mellander, Charlotta},
  month = jan,
  year = {2017},
  note = {WOS:000394438300008},
  keywords = {academic research, cities, Creativity, economic-geography, Entrepreneurship, firm formation, geography, industry, Innovation, knowledge   spillovers, life-cycle, patent citations, product innovation, regions, technological-change, united-states, urbanism},
  pages = {86--96}
  
  High-growth firms: does location matter? by Jose Miguel Giner, Marian Santa-Maria, and Antonio Fuster
     @article{miguel_giner_high-growth_2017,
     title = {High-growth firms: does location matter?},
     volume = {13},
     issn = {1554-7191},
     shorttitle = {High-growth firms},
     doi = {10.1007/s11365-016-0392-9},
     abstract = {The challenge for economies lies in boosting employment growth, not just by fostering entrepreneurship, but also by improving the growth potential of existing firms. Consequently, many studies have focused on assessing the dynamism of firms, and especially the capacity of high-growth firms (HGFs) to generate employment. This study aimed to identify HGFs in Spain during two periods, 2003-2006 and 2007-2010 and to analyse their characteristics and territorial distribution during the initial years of the economic crisis. Accordingly, a key area of inquiry of the study was the influence of agglomeration (in metropolitan areas, industrial districts and technological districts) on the locations of HGFs. To analyse the influence of location on the probability of firms being HGFs, a logit model was estimated. The main results supported the study's hypotheses that technological districts and large urban areas are significantly associated with the probability of firms being HGFs, because firms profit from comparative locational advantages offered by these areas. The importance of HGFs requires special emphasis in relation to Spain's context of economic crisis and high unemployment levels because of their significant contribution to employment generation.},
     language = {English},
     number = {1},
     journal = {International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal},
     author = {Miguel Giner, Jose and Jesus Santa-Maria, Maria and Fuster, Antonio},
     month = mar,
     year = {2017},
     note = {WOS:000394301700003},
     keywords = {Agglomeration, empirical-analysis, Firm growth, gazelles, geography, High-growth firms, Innovation, Job creation, Location, performance, smes, spillovers},
  pages = {75--96}
  
  Entrepreneurship and the City by Edward Galeser
     @techreport{glaeser_entrepreneurship_2007,
     type = {Working {Paper}},
     title = {Entrepreneurship and the {City}},
     url = {http://www.nber.org/papers/w13551},
     abstract = {Why do levels of entrepreneurship differ across America's cities? This paper presents basic facts on two measures of entrepreneurship: the self-employment rate and the number of small firms. Both of these measures are correlated with urban success, suggesting that more entrepreneurial cities are more successful. There is considerable variation in the self-employment rate across metropolitan areas, but about one-half of this heterogeneity can be explained by demographic and industrial variation. Self-employment is particularly associated with abundant, older citizens and with the presence of input suppliers. Conversely, small firm size and employment growth due to unaffiliated new establishments is associated most strongly with the presence of input suppliers and an appropriate labor force. I also find support for the Chinitz (1961) hypothesis that entrepreneurship is linked to a large number of small firms in supplying industries. Finally, there is a strong connection between area-level education and entrepreneurship.},
     number = {13551},
     urldate = {2017-03-27},
     institution = {National Bureau of Economic Research},
     author = {Glaeser, Edward L.},
     month = oct,
     year = {2007},
     note = {DOI: 10.3386/w13551},
     file = {NBER Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/GGUKUU84/Glaeser - 2007 - Entrepreneurship and the City.pdf:application/pdf}

Urban Entrepreneurship and the Sunbelt Frontier by William Angel

  @article{angel_zenith_1980,
  title = {{ZENITH} {REVISITED}: {URBAN} {ENTREPRENEURSHIP} {AND} {THE} {SUNBELT} {FRONTIER}},
  volume = {61},
  issn = {0038-4941},
  shorttitle = {{ZENITH} {REVISITED}},
  url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/42860763},
  number = {3/4},
  urldate = {2017-03-27},
  journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
  author = {ANGEL, WILLIAM D.},
  year = {1980},
  pages = {434--445}
  
  Entrepreneurship, Geography, and American Economic Growth by Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington
     @book{acs_entrepreneurship_2006,
     title = {Entrepreneurship, {Geography}, and {American} {Economic} {Growth}},
     isbn = {978-1-139-45663-0},
     abstract = {The spillovers in knowledge among largely college-educated workers were among the key reasons for the impressive degree of economic growth and spread of entrepreneurship in the United States during the 1990s. Prior 'industrial policies' in the 1970s and 1980s did not advance growth because these were based on outmoded large manufacturing models. Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington use a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to explain new firm formation rates in regional economies during the 1990s period and beyond. The fastest-growing regions are those that have the highest rates of new firm formation, and which are not dominated by large businesses. The authors of this text also find support for the thesis that knowledge spillovers move across industries and are not confined within a single industry. As a result, they suggest, regional policies to encourage and sustain growth should focus on entrepreneurship among other factors.},
     language = {en},
     publisher = {Cambridge University Press},
     author = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Armington, Catherine},
     month = jun,
     year = {2006},
     keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Economics / Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy}
  
  
  Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Regional Differences in Economic Growth by Russell Sobel and Joshua Hall
     @article{sobel_institutions_2008,
     title = {Institutions, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Regional} {Differences} in {Economic} {Growth}},
     volume = {I},
     issn = {2164-9685},
     url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=152625},
     language = {English},
     number = {1},
     urldate = {2017-02-24},
     journal = {American Journal of Entrepreneurship},
     author = {Sobel, Russell S. and Hall, Joshua C.},
     year = {2008},
     pages = {69--96},
     file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/CXW5A2UM/Sobel and Hall - 2008 - Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Regional Diffe.html:text/html}
  
  Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth} in Lagging Regions by Heather Stephens, Mark Partridge, and Alessandra Faggian
     @article{stephens_innovation_2013,
     title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth} in {Lagging} {Regions}},
     volume = {53},
     issn = {1467-9787},
     url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jors.12019/abstract},
     doi = {10.1111/jors.12019},
     abstract = {The paper investigates what are the most important factors in fostering growth in rural, remote regions with historically low growth rates. In particular, we focus on the lagging Appalachian region and compare it to both nearby counties and other similarly lagging U.S. counties. Factors such as self-employment, human capital, creativity, university spillovers and high-technology clusters are considered. Our results suggest that entrepreneurship and creativity factors are key to increasing growth in the Appalachian region and in similar lagging regions nationally. However, there is little evidence that other knowledge-based factors are conducive to growth in these regions.},
     language = {en},
     number = {5},
     urldate = {2017-02-24},
     journal = {Journal of Regional Science},
     author = {Stephens, Heather M. and Partridge, Mark D. and Faggian, Alessandra},
     month = dec,
     year = {2013},
     pages = {778--812},
     file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/T76GD2CE/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/UK28EG9T/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.html:text/html}

Clusters and entrepreneruship by Mercedes Delgado, Michael Porter, and Scott Stern

  @article{delgado_clusters_2010,
  title = {Clusters and entrepreneurship},
  volume = {10},
  issn = {1468-2702},
  url = {https://academic.oup.com/joeg/article/10/4/495/913653/Clusters-and-entrepreneurship},
  doi = {10.1093/jeg/lbq010},
  number = {4},
  urldate = {2017-03-27},
  journal = {Journal of Economic Geography},
  author = {Delgado, Mercedes and Porter, Michael E. and Stern, Scott},
  month = jul,
  year = {2010},
  pages = {495--518},
  file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/9UJB7GDJ/Delgado et al. - 2010 - Clusters and entrepreneurship.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/SPMPZECB/Clusters-and-entrepreneurship.html:text/html}