Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth Literature Review

Academic Paper
Title
Author	Ramee Saleh
Status	In development
© edegan.com, 2016

@misc{center_for_history_and_new_media_zotero_????, title = {Zotero {Quick} {Start} {Guide}}, url = {http://zotero.org/support/quick_start_guide}, author = Template:Center for History and New Media, annote = {Welcome to Zotero!View the Quick Start Guide to learn how to begin collecting, managing, citing, and sharing your research sources.Thanks for installing Zotero.} }

@book{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2006, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-19-518351-1}, abstract = {By serving as a conduit for knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship is the missing link between investments in new knowledge and economic growth. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship provides not just an explanation of why entrepreneurship has become more prevalent as the factor of knowledge has emerged as a crucial source for comparative advantage, but also why entrepreneurship plays a vital role in generating economic growth. Entrepreneurship is an important mechanism permeating the knowledge filter to facilitate the spill over of knowledge and ultimately generate economic growth.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max C. and Lehmann, Erik E.}, month = apr, year = {2006}, note = {Google-Books-ID: 4dzsGA62mcgC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship}, annote = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Erik\_Lehmann/publication/31845618\_Entrepreneurship\_and\_Economic\_Growth\_DB\_Audretsch\_MC\_Keilbach\_EE\_Lehmann/links/00b49528522209f258000000.pdf} }

@article{holcombe_entrepreneurship_1998, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {1}, issn = {1098-3708, 1936-4806}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12113-998-1008-1}, doi = {10.1007/s12113-998-1008-1}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics}, author = {Holcombe, Randall G.}, month = jun, year = {1998}, pages = {45--62}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7J6IR3EH/s12113-998-1008-1.html:text/html} }

@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_2007, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {1}, issn = {1932-443X}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.rice.edu/doi/10.1002/sej.26/abstract}, doi = {10.1002/sej.26}, abstract = {Entrepreneurs who focus on innovation in their products, their production techniques, and their markets play a key role in economic growth. The direction of their activity is guided by their goals: wealth, power, and prestige. Current institutions, shaped by history and government are critical in determining where entrepreneurs will find it most promising to direct their efforts, sometimes, but not always, benefiting the general welfare. One goal of good policy, therefore, is redesign of institutions so as to attract entrepreneurial activity to beneficial directions. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.}, language = {en}, number = {3-4}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal}, author = {Baumol, William J. and Strom, Robert J.}, month = dec, year = {2007}, keywords = {Economic Growth, economic growth, Entrepreneurship, entrepreneurship, institutions, invention dissemination}, pages = {233--237}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZEKWBRS2/Baumol and Strom - 2007 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7CKVMQBP/abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{hoselitz_entrepreneurship_1952, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {12}, issn = {0002-9246}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3484612}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {The American Journal of Economics and Sociology}, author = {Hoselitz, Bert F.}, year = {1952}, pages = {97--110}, file = {JSTOR Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/KUZ4CSTK/Hoselitz - 1952 - Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth.pdf:application/pdf} }

@techreport{carree_entrepreneurship_2006, type = {Books}, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {http://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/elgeebook/3673.htm}, abstract = {This authoritative volume presents a collection of the most influential and important articles dealing with the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth and development. The collection covers a range of key issues through which entrepreneurial activity may influence economic progress.}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, institution = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business and Management}, file = {RePEc Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/PPWPGWKD/3673.html:text/html} }

@article{wennekers_linking_1999, title = {Linking {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {13}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008063200484}, doi = {10.1023/A:1008063200484}, abstract = {In the 1980s stagflation and high unemployment caused a renewed interest in supply side economics and in factors determining economic growth. Simultaneously, the 1980s and 1990s have seen a reevaluation of the role of small firms and a renewed attention for entrepreneurship. The goal of this survey is to synthesize disparate strands of literature to link entrepreneurship to economic growth. This will be done by investigating the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth using elements of various fields: historical views on entrepreneurship, macro-economic growth theory, industrial economics (Porter's competitive advantage of nations), evolutionary economics, history of economic growth (rise and fall of nations) and the management literature on large corporate organizations. Understanding the role of entrepreneurship in the process of economic growth requires the decomposition of the concept of entrepreneurship. A first part of our synthesis is to contribute to the understanding of the dimensions involved, while paying attention to the level of analysis (individual, firm and aggregate level). A second part is to gain insight in the causal links between these entrepreneurial dimensions and economic growth. A third part is to make suggestions for future empirical research into the relationship between (dimensions of) entrepreneurship and economic growth.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Wennekers, Sander and Thurik, Roy}, month = aug, year = {1999}, pages = {27--56}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/CI5H2HK9/A1008063200484.html:text/html} }

@article{scott_need_1984, title = {Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: {A} critique of the {McClelland} thesis}, volume = {21}, copyright = {(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved}, issn = {0362-3319}, shorttitle = {Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and economic growth}, abstract = {Examines D. McClelland's (1961) theory, as presented in The Achieving Society, that there exists a causal link between a psychological factor known as need for achievement (nAch) and the economic growth and decline of nations. Attention is directed to McClelland's conception of the nature and origin of nAch and the role nAch plays in the economic growth process. It is argued that the theory is empirically invalid, theoretically inadequate, and offers little value to those interested in promoting economic growth. It is suggested that future theory and research should concentrate on the interaction between psychological and structural factors as they relate to economic growth. This approach would more closely approximate reality by emphasizing factors at individual, national, and international levels.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {The Social Science Journal}, author = {Scott, R.}, year = {1984}, keywords = {*Achievement Motivation, Economy}, pages = {125--134}, file = {APA PsycNET Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/T56QB2S5/Scott - 1984 - Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and econom.html:text/html} }

@article{tang_venture_2004, title = {Venture {Entrepreneurship}, {Innovation} {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, copyright = {Copyright Norfolk State University Foundation Aug 2004}, issn = {10849467}, url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/208440561/abstract/994F041007FE42E9PQ/1}, abstract = {This article makes a distinction between two types of entrepreneurship activities. Venture Entrepreneurship (VE), which deals with new venture creation and Innovation Entrepreneurship (IE), which involves innovations within existing enterprises. VE is found to be positively related to GDP growth rate. IE is negatively related to economic growth rate in high-income countries, while the findings for middle and low-income countries are mixed. The study contributes to a relatively sparse body of literature by exploring the nature of the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic performance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]}, language = {English}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship; Norfolk}, author = {Tang, Linghui and Koveos, Peter E.}, month = aug, year = {2004}, keywords = {Business And Economics, Correlation analysis, Economic growth, Entrepreneurs, Innovations, Studies, Venture capital}, pages = {161--171}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/UNEIR24J/Tang and Koveos - 2004 - Venture Entrepreneurship, Innovation Entrepreneurs.pdf:application/pdf} }

@article{mueller_exploring_2006, series = {Triple helix {Indicators} of {Knowledge}-{Based} {Innovation} {Systems}}, title = {Exploring the knowledge filter: {How} entrepreneurship and university–industry relationships drive economic growth}, volume = {35}, issn = {0048-7333}, shorttitle = {Exploring the knowledge filter}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733306001600}, doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.023}, abstract = {Knowledge is recognized as a crucial element of economic growth in addition to physical capital and labor. Knowledge can be transformed into products and processes and is, in this way, exploited commercially. The ability to produce, identify, and exploit knowledge depends on the existing knowledge stock and the absorptive capacity of actors such as employees at firms and researchers at universities and research institutions. The existing knowledge stock might not be commercialized to its full extent; therefore, knowledge flows must occur and transmission channels are needed. The paper tests the hypotheses that entrepreneurship and university–industry relations are vehicles for knowledge flows and, thus, spur economic growth.}, number = {10}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Mueller, Pamela}, month = dec, year = {2006}, keywords = {Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, Regional growth}, pages = {1499--1508}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/QPNSTJGS/Mueller - 2006 - Exploring the knowledge filter How entrepreneursh.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/XWC3AJR9/Mueller - 2006 - Exploring the knowledge filter How entrepreneursh.html:text/html} }

@book{hart_emergence_2003, title = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}: {Governance}, {Start}-{Ups}, and {Growth} in the {U}.{S}. {Knowledge} {Economy}}, isbn = {978-1-139-44078-3}, shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}}, abstract = {This volume seeks to catalyze the emergence of a novel field of policy studies: entrepreneurship policy. Practical experience and academic research both point to the central role of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and to the importance of public policy in creating the conditions under which entrepreneurial companies can flourish. The contributors, who hail from the disciplines of economics, geography, history, law, management, and political science, seek to crystallize key findings and to stimulate debate about future opportunities for policy-makers and researchers in this area. The chapters include surveys of the economic, social, and cultural contexts for US entrepreneurship policy; assessments of regional efforts to link knowledge producers to new enterprises; explorations of policies that aim to foster entrepreneurship in under-represented communities; detailed analyses of three key industries (biotechnology, e-commerce, and telecommunications); and considerations of challenges in policy implementation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Hart, David M.}, month = oct, year = {2003}, note = {Google-Books-ID: 2fo6eEp42J4C}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Industrial Management, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General} }

@article{segerstrom_innovation_1991, title = {Innovation, {Imitation}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {99}, issn = {0022-3808}, url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/261779}, doi = {10.1086/261779}, abstract = {This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model of economic growth. The model has a steady-state equilibrium in which some firms devote resources to discovering qualitatively improved products and other firms devote resources to copying these products. Rates of both innovation and imitation are endogenously determined on the basis of the outcomes of \$R \& D\$ races between firms. Innovation subsidies are shown to unambiguously promote economic growth. Welfare is enhanced, however, only if the steady-state intensity of innovative effort exceeds a critical level.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-02-27}, journal = {Journal of Political Economy}, author = {Segerstrom, Paul S.}, month = aug, year = {1991}, pages = {807--827}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZAWEQ2JN/Segerstrom - 1991 - Innovation, Imitation, and Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{thurik_entrepreneurship_2004, title = {Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth}, volume = {11}, issn = {1462-6004}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/14626000410519173}, doi = {10.1108/14626000410519173}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development}, author = {Thurik, Roy and Wennekers, Sander}, month = mar, year = {2004}, pages = {140--149}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/EA7WG29G/Thurik and Wennekers - 2004 - Entrepreneurship, small business and economic grow.html:text/html} }

@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968, title = {Entrepreneurship in {Economic} {Theory}}, volume = {58}, issn = {0002-8282}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {The American Economic Review}, author = {Baumol, William J.}, year = {1968}, pages = {64--71} }

@article{valliere_entrepreneurship_2009, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth: {Evidence} from emerging and developed countries}, volume = {21}, issn = {0898-5626}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08985620802332723}, doi = {10.1080/08985620802332723}, abstract = {This paper presents an extension to the economic growth model developed by Wong, Ho, and Autio (2005), to reflect differences in the economic effects of opportunity and necessity-based entrepreneurship in both emerging and developed countries. Data from 44 countries for the years 2004 and 2005, as collected by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research and Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) research, are used to identify predictors of GDP growth for emerging and developed nations. The GEM data are used to determine the effect of different types of entrepreneurship on GDP growth. The GCR data operationalize additional control variables suggested by three economic growth theories: new economic geography, endogenous growth theory and national systems of innovation. This contribution to the literature suggests that, in developed countries, a significant portion of economic growth rates can be attributed to high-expectation entrepreneurs exploiting national investments in knowledge creation and regulatory freedom. However, in emerging countries this effect is absent. It is hypothesized that a threshold exists for entrepreneurs to gain access to the formal economy, below which entrepreneurial contributions act through informal mechanisms.}, number = {5-6}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Entrepreneurship \& Regional Development}, author = {Valliere, Dave and Peterson, Rein}, month = sep, year = {2009}, keywords = {economic growth, emerging nations, entrepreneurship, knowledge creation, regulatory freedom}, pages = {459--480}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/A8ZVWXV8/Valliere and Peterson - 2009 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth Evidence fro.html:text/html} }

@incollection{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2003, series = {Advances in {Austrian} {Economics}}, title = {Entrepreneurship, industry evolution and economic growth}, volume = {6}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S1529-2134%2803%2906003-4}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {Austrian {Economics} and {Entrepreneurial} {Studies}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Thurik, A.Roy}, month = jan, year = {2003}, note = {DOI: 10.1016/S1529-2134(03)06003-4 DOI: 10.1016/S1529-2134(03)06003-4}, pages = {39--56}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/MAAM7XIS/Audretsch and Thurik - 2003 - Entrepreneurship, industry evolution and economic .html:text/html} }

@incollection{carree_impact_2010, series = {International {Handbook} {Series} on {Entrepreneurship}}, title = {The {Impact} of {Entrepreneurship} on {Economic} {Growth}}, copyright = {©2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC}, isbn = {978-1-4419-1190-2 978-1-4419-1191-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_20}, abstract = {The present chapter deals with the consequences of entrepreneurship for macro-economic growth. It consists of eight sections: (1) Introduction; (2) The influence of economic development on entrepreneurship; (3) Types of entrepreneurship and their relation to economic growth; (4) The effects of the choice between entrepreneurship and employment; (5) Entrepreneurship in endogenous growth models; (6) Strands of empirical evidence; (7) The time lag structure; and (8) Conclusion.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, booktitle = {Handbook of {Entrepreneurship} {Research}}, publisher = {Springer New York}, author = {Carree, Martin A. and Thurik, A. Roy}, editor = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B.}, year = {2010}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9\_20}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship}, pages = {557--594}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/DUS7NURS/Carree et al. - 2010 - The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{carlsson_knowledge_2009, title = {Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: a historical review}, volume = {18}, issn = {0960-6491}, shorttitle = {Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icc/article/18/6/1193/795488/Knowledge-creation-entrepreneurship-and-economic}, doi = {10.1093/icc/dtp043}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change}, author = {Carlsson, Bo and Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B. and Braunerhjelm, Pontus}, month = dec, year = {2009}, pages = {1193--1229}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/4R6CR8KM/Carlsson et al. - 2009 - Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/SISZH7TN/Carlsson et al. - 2009 - Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic.html:text/html} }

@article{wong_entrepreneurship_2005, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation} and {Economic} {Growth}: {Evidence} from {GEM} data}, volume = {24}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation} and {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1}, abstract = {Studies on the impact of technological innovation on growth have been largely mute on the role of␣new firm formation. Using cross-sectional data on the 37 countries participating in GEM 2002, this paper uses an augmented Cobb–Douglas production to explore firm formation and technological innovation as separate determinants of growth. One area of interest is the contrast between different types of entrepreneurial activities as measured using GEM Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rates – high growth potential TEA, necessity TEA, opportunity TEA and overall TEA. Of the four types of entrepreneurship, only high growth potential entrepreneurship is found to have a significant impact on economic growth. This finding is consistent with extant findings in the literature that it is fast growing new firms, not new firms in general, that accounted for most of the new job creation by small and medium enterprises in advanced countries.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Wong, Poh Kam and Ho, Yuen Ping and Autio, Erkko}, month = apr, year = {2005}, pages = {335--350}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/2NDFWSU6/Wong et al. - 2005 - Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth .html:text/html} }

@incollection{carree_impact_2010-1, series = {International {Handbook} {Series} on {Entrepreneurship}}, title = {The {Impact} of {Entrepreneurship} on {Economic} {Growth}}, copyright = {©2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC}, isbn = {978-1-4419-1190-2 978-1-4419-1191-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_20}, abstract = {The present chapter deals with the consequences of entrepreneurship for macro-economic growth. It consists of eight sections: (1) Introduction; (2) The influence of economic development on entrepreneurship; (3) Types of entrepreneurship and their relation to economic growth; (4) The effects of the choice between entrepreneurship and employment; (5) Entrepreneurship in endogenous growth models; (6) Strands of empirical evidence; (7) The time lag structure; and (8) Conclusion.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, booktitle = {Handbook of {Entrepreneurship} {Research}}, publisher = {Springer New York}, author = {Carree, Martin A. and Thurik, A. Roy}, editor = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B.}, year = {2010}, note = {DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9\_20}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship}, pages = {557--594}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/MHQV2FE3/Carree et al. - 2010 - The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{wennekers_relationship_2010, title = {The {Relationship} between {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Development}: {Is} {It} {U}-{Shaped}?}, volume = {6}, issn = {1551-3114, 1551-3122}, shorttitle = {The {Relationship} between {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Development}}, url = {http://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/ENT-023}, doi = {10.1561/0300000023}, abstract = {The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Is It U-Shaped?}, language = {English}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship}, author = {Wennekers, Sander and Stel, André van and Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, month = jul, year = {2010}, pages = {167--237}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/WF65SNQE/Wennekers et al. - 2010 - The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Econ.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/BKKD9QHN/Wennekers et al. - 2010 - The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Econ.html:text/html} }

@incollection{audretsch_knowledge_2005, series = {Research on {Technological} {Innovation}, {Management} and {Policy}}, title = {The {Knowledge} {Spillover} {Theory} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, number = {9}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurial} {Economics}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = jan, year = {2005}, note = {DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7 DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, pages = {37--54}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/VKFHNSNM/Audretsch - 2005 - The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship.html:text/html} }

@article{leff_entrepreneurship_1979, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Development}: {The} {Problem} {Revisited}}, volume = {17}, issn = {0022-0515}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Development}}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2723640}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Economic Literature}, author = {Leff, Nathaniel H.}, year = {1979}, pages = {46--64} }

@article{stel_effect_2005, title = {The {Effect} of {Entrepreneurial} {Activity} on {National} {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {24}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6}, abstract = {Entrepreneurial activity is generally assumed to be an important aspect of the organization of industries most conducive to innovative activity and unrestrained competition. This paper investigates whether total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) influences GDP growth for a sample of 36 countries. We test whether this influence depends on the level of economic development measured as GDP per capita. Adjustment is made for a range of alternative explanations for achieving economic growth by incorporating the Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI). We find that entrepreneurial activity by nascent entrepreneurs and owner/managers of young businesses affects economic growth, but that this effect depends upon the level of per capita income. This suggests that entrepreneurship plays a different role in countries in different stages of economic development.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Stel, André van and Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, month = apr, year = {2005}, pages = {311--321}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/FT24NI8Q/Stel et al. - 2005 - The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National.html:text/html} }

@article{galindo_innovation_2013, title = {Innovation, entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {51}, issn = {0025-1747}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/00251741311309625}, doi = {10.1108/00251741311309625}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Management Decision}, author = {Galindo, Miguel‐Ángel and Méndez‐Picazo, María‐Teresa}, month = mar, year = {2013}, pages = {501--514} }

@article{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2007, title = {Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth}, volume = {23}, issn = {0266-903X}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-abstract/23/1/63/510594/Entrepreneurship-capital-and-economic-growth}, doi = {10.1093/oxrep/grm001}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {63--78}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7MHRJA7D/Audretsch - 2007 - Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth.html:text/html} }

@misc{cameron_innovation_1996, type = {Monograph}, title = {Innovation and economic growth}, url = {http://cep.lse.ac.uk}, abstract = {This paper surveys the empirical evidence on the link between innovation and economic growth. It considers a number of different measures of innovation, such as R\&D spending, patenting, and innovation counts, as well as the pervasive effect of technological spillovers between firms, industries, and countries. There are three main conclusions. The first is that innovation makes a significant contribution to growth. The second is there are significant spillovers between countries, firms and industries, and to a lesser extent from government-funded research. Third, that these spillovers tend to be localized, wit foreign economies gaining significantly less from domestic innovation than other domestic firms. This suggests that although technological catch-up may act to equalize productivity across countries, the process is likely to be slow and uncertain, and require substantial domestic innovation effort.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, author = {Cameron, G.}, month = feb, year = {1996}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZDX7XF2X/Cameron - 1996 - Innovation and economic growth.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/GMK4JNQK/Cameron - 1996 - Innovation and economic growth.html:text/html} }

@book{hart_emergence_2003-1, title = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}: {Governance}, {Start}-{Ups}, and {Growth} in the {U}.{S}. {Knowledge} {Economy}}, isbn = {978-1-139-44078-3}, shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}}, abstract = {This volume seeks to catalyze the emergence of a novel field of policy studies: entrepreneurship policy. Practical experience and academic research both point to the central role of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and to the importance of public policy in creating the conditions under which entrepreneurial companies can flourish. The contributors, who hail from the disciplines of economics, geography, history, law, management, and political science, seek to crystallize key findings and to stimulate debate about future opportunities for policy-makers and researchers in this area. The chapters include surveys of the economic, social, and cultural contexts for US entrepreneurship policy; assessments of regional efforts to link knowledge producers to new enterprises; explorations of policies that aim to foster entrepreneurship in under-represented communities; detailed analyses of three key industries (biotechnology, e-commerce, and telecommunications); and considerations of challenges in policy implementation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Hart, David M.}, month = oct, year = {2003}, note = {Google-Books-ID: 2fo6eEp42J4C}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Industrial Management, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General} }

@book{brown_innovation_2004, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}: {The} {Interaction} {Between} {Technology}, {Progress} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-84542-055-0}, shorttitle = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}}, abstract = {The purpose of this book is to examine the nature of organizational innovation and change by looking at the complex interplay between entrepreneurship, innovation and culture.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Brown, Terrence E. and Ulijn, J. M.}, month = jan, year = {2004}, note = {Google-Books-ID: nLvjQkBajocC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General} }

@article{freeman_continental_2002, series = {Innovation {Systems}}, title = {Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth}, volume = {31}, issn = {0048-7333}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733301001366}, doi = {10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00136-6}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relevance of innovation systems to economic growth rates over the last two centuries. The focus is on complementarity (or lack of it) between sub-systems of society and on models of active learning in catching up economies. The paper discusses variations in rates of growth of economic regions and the extent to which variations may be attributed to “innovation systems”. The analysis is applied to Britain in the 18th century, the United States in the second half of the 19th century and the innovation systems of catching up countries in the 20th century.}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-27}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Freeman, Chris}, month = feb, year = {2002}, keywords = {Economic growth, Economic history, Innovation system, Institutional change}, pages = {191--211}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/KXFNJ3PU/Freeman - 2002 - Continental, national and sub-national innovation .pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7M7E3EH3/Freeman - 2002 - Continental, national and sub-national innovation .html:text/html} }

@article{chrisman_faculty_1995, title = {Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development: {The} case of the {University} of {Calgary}}, volume = {10}, issn = {0883-9026}, shorttitle = {Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088390269500015Z}, doi = {10.1016/0883-9026(95)00015-Z}, abstract = {The common perception of universities as merely institutions of higher learning is giving way to one where universities are viewed as engines of economic growth and development. This study documents the entrepreneurial activities of the faculty of the University of Calgary, as well as the impact the University has had and the impact its recent budgetary problems might have on such activities. Results indicate that nearly 100 new ventures with at least one full-time employee were started by faculty or were started as a consequence of significant faculty inputs. These ventures, in turn, have generated at least 723 new jobs in Alberta. Furthermore, our projections suggest that faculty entrepreneurs will create approximately 14 ventures per year in the near future. Implications for the role universities and governments should play to encourage faculty entrepreneurship are discussed.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, author = {Chrisman, James J. and Hynes, Timothy and Fraser, Shelby}, month = jul, year = {1995}, pages = {267--281}, file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/8GNRIU7Q/Chrisman et al. - 1995 - Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development.html:text/html} }

@article{samila_venture_2010, title = {Venture {Capital}, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {93}, issn = {0034-6535}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00066}, doi = {10.1162/REST_a_00066}, abstract = {Using a panel of U.S. metropolitan areas, we find that increases in the supply of venture capital positively affect firm starts, employment, and aggregate income. Our results remain robust to a variety of specifications, including ones that address endogeneity. The estimated magnitudes imply that venture capital stimulates the creation of more firms than it funds, which appears consistent with two mechanisms: First, would-be entrepreneurs anticipating financing needs more likely start firms when the supply of capital expands. Second, funded companies may transfer know-how to their employees, thereby enabling spin-offs, and may encourage others to become entrepreneurs through demonstration effects.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics}, author = {Samila, Sampsa and Sorenson, Olav}, month = jul, year = {2010}, pages = {338--349}, file = {Review of Economics and Statistics Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/SQUNPGVA/Samila and Sorenson - 2010 - Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Gr.pdf:application/pdf;Review of Economics and Statistics Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/MC8SR7FG/Samila and Sorenson - 2010 - Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Gr.html:text/html} }

@article{audretsch_resolving_2008, series = {Special {Section} {Knowledge} {Dynamics} out of {Balance}: {Knowledge} {Biased}, {Skewed} and {Unmatched}}, title = {Resolving the knowledge paradox: {Knowledge}-spillover entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {37}, issn = {0048-7333}, shorttitle = {Resolving the knowledge paradox}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733308001881}, doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.008}, abstract = {The knowledge paradox suggests that high levels of investment in new knowledge do not necessarily and automatically generate the anticipated levels of competitiveness of growth. In particular, knowledge investments do not automatically translate into balanced growth and competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to explain why knowledge investments are inherently unbalanced, so that the competitiveness and growth ensuing from knowledge are not equally spread across individuals, firms, and spatial units of observation, such as regions and countries. Based on a data set linking entrepreneurial activity to growth within the context of German regions, this paper shows that entrepreneurship serves a conduit of knowledge spillovers.}, number = {10}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max}, month = dec, year = {2008}, keywords = {Entrepreneurship, Growth, Innovation, Knowledge}, pages = {1697--1705}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/TADZBQ3M/Audretsch and Keilbach - 2008 - Resolving the knowledge paradox Knowledge-spillov.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/9ZDNQCVF/Audretsch and Keilbach - 2008 - Resolving the knowledge paradox Knowledge-spillov.html:text/html} }

@article{salgado-banda_entrepreneurship_2007, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth: an empirical analysis}, volume = {12}, issn = {1084-9467}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1084946707000538}, doi = {10.1142/S1084946707000538}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth by using a new variable based on patent data to proxy for productive entrepreneurship. Data on self-employment is used as an alternative proxy. The study considers 22 OECD countries and finds a positive relationship between the proposed measure of productive entrepreneurship — degree of innovativeness of different nations — and economic growth, while the alternative measure, based on self-employment, appears to be negatively correlated with economic growth. A battery of econometric specifications and techniques backs the findings.}, number = {01}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship}, author = {Salgado-Banda, Héctor}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {3--29}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZGS7GAFF/Salgado-Banda - 2007 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth an empirical.html:text/html} }

@article{acs_entrepreneurship_2007, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Economic} {Growth} and {Public} {Policy}}, volume = {28}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-006-9012-3}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-006-9012-3}, abstract = {This paper is an introduction to the second Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference. The conference focused on developing a better understanding of the relationships among entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy, and variations according to the stage of economic development. The papers in this special issue conduct analysis with GEM micro-and-macro data, and offer several important policy recommendations. First, middle-income countries should focus on increasing human capital, upgrading technology availability and promoting enterprise development. It is important to start enterprise development policies early because the main drivers are perceptual variables that are difficult to change in the short run. Second, for developed economies, reducing entry regulations, in most cases, will not result in more high-potential startups. Both labor market reform and deregulation of financial markets may be needed to support growth of high-performance ventures.}, language = {en}, number = {2-3}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Szerb, Laszlo}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {109--122}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZZK72585/Acs and Szerb - 2007 - Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Polic.html:text/html} }

@book{brown_innovation_2004-1, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}: {The} {Interaction} {Between} {Technology}, {Progress} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-84542-055-0}, shorttitle = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}}, abstract = {The purpose of this book is to examine the nature of organizational innovation and change by looking at the complex interplay between entrepreneurship, innovation and culture.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Brown, Terrence E. and Ulijn, J. M.}, month = jan, year = {2004}, note = {Google-Books-ID: nLvjQkBajocC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General} }

@techreport{georgiou_entrepreneurship_2009, address = {Rochester, NY}, type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}}, title = {Entrepreneurship {Causes} {Economic} {Growth}: {An} {Empirical} {Analysis} for {Western} {European} {Countries} and the {United} {States} 1990-2004}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship {Causes} {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1478903}, abstract = {In this paper a distinction will be made between manager and owner and it will be attempted to estimate numerically the country’s total economy’s entrepreneuri}, number = {ID 1478903}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, institution = {Social Science Research Network}, author = {Georgiou, Miltiades N.}, month = sep, year = {2009}, keywords = {corporate governance, economic growth, entrepreneurship}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/NKT9D7FX/Georgiou - 2009 - Entrepreneurship Causes Economic Growth An Empiri.html:text/html} }

@book{feldman_economics_2012, title = {The {Economics} of {Science} and {Technology}: {An} {Overview} of {Initiatives} to {Foster} {Innovation}, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-4615-0981-3}, shorttitle = {The {Economics} of {Science} and {Technology}}, abstract = {Science and technology have long been regarded as important determinants of economic growth. Edwin Mansfield (1971, pp. 1- 2), a pioneer in the economics of technological change, noted: Technological change is an important, if not the most important, factor responsible for economic growth . . . without question, [it] is one of the most important determinants of the shape and evolution of the American economy. Science and technology are even more important in the "new economy," with its greater emphasis on the role of intellectual property and knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is unfortunate that most individuals rarely have the opportunity to explore the economic implications of science and technology. As a result, the antecedents and consequences of technological change are poorly understood by many in the general public. This lack of understanding is reflected in a recent survey conducted by the National Science Board (2000), summarized in Science \& Engineering Indicators. ' As shown in Table 1. 1, the findings of the survey indicated that many Americans, despite a high level of interests in such matters, are not as well-informed about technological issues as they are about other policy issues. As shown in the table, individuals self assess, based on a scale from 1 to 100, their interest in science and technology policy issues as being relatively high, yet they self assess their knowledge or informedness about these issues relatively lower.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, author = {Feldman, M. P. and Link, Albert N. and Siegel, Donald}, month = dec, year = {2012}, note = {Google-Books-ID: wca9BwAAQBAJ}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Management Science, Business \& Economics / Production \& Operations Management, Business \& Economics / Research \& Development, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy} }

@incollection{audretsch_knowledge_2005-1, series = {Research on {Technological} {Innovation}, {Management} and {Policy}}, title = {The {Knowledge} {Spillover} {Theory} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, number = {9}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurial} {Economics}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = jan, year = {2005}, note = {DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7 DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, pages = {37--54}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/8XPFGHW6/Audretsch - 2005 - The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship.html:text/html} }

@book{stel_empirical_2006, title = {Empirical {Analysis} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-387-29419-3}, abstract = {The importance of entrepreneurship for achieving economic growth in contemporary economies is widely recognized, both by policy makers and economists. It is deeply embedded in the current European policy approach that the creativity and independence of entrepreneurs contribute to higher levels of economic activity. Indeed, according to the European Commission (2003, p. 9), "The challenge for the European Union is to identify the key factors for building a climate in which entrepreneurial initiative and business activities can thrive. Policy measures should seek to boost the Union's levels of entrepreneurship, adopting the most appropriate approach for producing more entrepreneurs and for getting more firms to grow. " Audretsch (2003, p. 5) states that "Entrepreneurship has become the engine of economic and social development throughout the world. " The relation between entrepreneurship and economic growth is embedded in several strands of the economic literature. A first strand of literature involves the general understanding of the role of entrepreneurship in the modern economy. Seminal contributions were made by Schumpeter (1934), Knight (1921) and Kirzner (1973). These economists stress different aspects of the role of the entrepreneur. While Schumpeter stresses the innovating aspect, Knight stresses the risk assuming aspect. Kirzner, finally, stresses the role of the entrepreneur in leading markets to equilibrium. Acs (1992) discusses the contribution of small firms in modern economies.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, author = {Stel, André van}, month = jun, year = {2006}, note = {Google-Books-ID: VUOHlzSuqk0C}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship, Business \& Economics / General} }

@article{hayter_harnessing_2013, title = {Harnessing {University} {Entrepreneurship} for {Economic} {Growth}: {Factors} of {Success} {Among} {University} {Spin}-offs}, volume = {27}, issn = {0891-2424}, shorttitle = {Harnessing {University} {Entrepreneurship} for {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891242412471845}, doi = {10.1177/0891242412471845}, abstract = {University spin-offs are an important vehicle for knowledge dissemination and have the potential to generate jobs and economic growth. Despite their importance, little research exists on spin-off performance or impact, especially from the perspective of academic entrepreneurs. Using logit regression, this article makes a scholarly contribution by testing the relationship between spin-off success—defined here as technology commercialization—and multiple factors derived from the extant literature. Several significant variables are found to enable commercialization success within the sample, including venture capital, multiple and external licenses, outside management, joint ventures with other companies, previous faculty consulting experience, and—surprisingly—a negative relationship to post-spin-off services provided by universities. The results have important implications for public policy and management, supporting an overall “open innovation” approach to spin-off success.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Economic Development Quarterly}, author = {Hayter, Christopher S.}, month = feb, year = {2013}, pages = {18--28} }

@book{acs_entrepreneurship_2006, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Geography}, and {American} {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-139-45663-0}, abstract = {The spillovers in knowledge among largely college-educated workers were among the key reasons for the impressive degree of economic growth and spread of entrepreneurship in the United States during the 1990s. Prior 'industrial policies' in the 1970s and 1980s did not advance growth because these were based on outmoded large manufacturing models. Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington use a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to explain new firm formation rates in regional economies during the 1990s period and beyond. The fastest-growing regions are those that have the highest rates of new firm formation, and which are not dominated by large businesses. The authors of this text also find support for the thesis that knowledge spillovers move across industries and are not confined within a single industry. As a result, they suggest, regional policies to encourage and sustain growth should focus on entrepreneurship among other factors.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Armington, Catherine}, month = jun, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Economics / Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy} }

@book{ulku_randd_2004, title = {{RandD}, innovation, and {Economic} {Growth}: {An} {Empirical} {Analysis}}, isbn = {978-1-4519-0480-2}, shorttitle = {{RandD}, innovation, and {Economic} {Growth}}, abstract = {This paper investigates the main postulations of the R\&D based growth models that innovation is created in the R\&D sectors and it enables sustainable economic growth, provided that there are constant returns to innovation in terms of R\&D. The analysis employs various panel data techniques and uses patent and R\&D data for 20 OECD and 10 Non-OECD countries for the period 1981–97. The results suggest a positive relationship between per capita GDP and innovation in both OECD and non-OECD countries, while the effect of R\&D stock on innovation is significant only in the OECD countries with large markets. Although these results provide support for endogenous growth models, there is no evidence for constant returns to innovation in terms of R\&D, implying that innovation does not lead to permanent increases in economic growth. However, these results do not necessarily suggest a rejection of R\&D based growth models, given that neither patent nor R\&D data capture the full range of innovation and R\&D activities.}, language = {en}, publisher = {International Monetary Fund}, author = {Ulku, Hulya}, month = sep, year = {2004}, note = {Google-Books-ID: hfY8XHg8HCYC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Economics / Macroeconomics, Business \& Economics / International / Economics} }

@article{sobel_institutions_2008, title = {Institutions, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Regional} {Differences} in {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {I}, issn = {2164-9685}, url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=152625}, language = {English}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {American Journal of Entrepreneurship}, author = {Sobel, Russell S. and Hall, Joshua C.}, year = {2008}, pages = {69--96}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/CXW5A2UM/Sobel and Hall - 2008 - Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Regional Diffe.html:text/html} }

@article{stephens_innovation_2013, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth} in {Lagging} {Regions}}, volume = {53}, issn = {1467-9787}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jors.12019/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jors.12019}, abstract = {The paper investigates what are the most important factors in fostering growth in rural, remote regions with historically low growth rates. In particular, we focus on the lagging Appalachian region and compare it to both nearby counties and other similarly lagging U.S. counties. Factors such as self-employment, human capital, creativity, university spillovers and high-technology clusters are considered. Our results suggest that entrepreneurship and creativity factors are key to increasing growth in the Appalachian region and in similar lagging regions nationally. However, there is little evidence that other knowledge-based factors are conducive to growth in these regions.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, author = {Stephens, Heather M. and Partridge, Mark D. and Faggian, Alessandra}, month = dec, year = {2013}, pages = {778--812}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/T76GD2CE/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/UK28EG9T/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.html:text/html} }

@book{szirmai_entrepreneurship_2011, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation}, and {Economic} {Development}}, isbn = {978-0-19-959651-5}, abstract = {Entrepreneurship and innovation are two of the most pervasive concepts of our times, yet there are still gaps in our understanding of the interactions between entrepreneurship and innovation, particularly in developing countries. This book is an attempt to fill this gap. It focuses on the entrepreneurship-innovation-development nexus, drawing heavily on empirical evidence from developing countries. Cross-country and individual country experiences cover nations as diverse as Ethiopia, India, Turkey, Vietnam, and also examine lessons from advanced economies such as Finland. Three sets of questions are addressed. What is the impact of entrepreneurship and innovation on growth and development? What determines the innovative performance of entrepreneurs in developing countries? What role does the institutional environment play in shaping the extent and impact of innovative activities? A key message is that entrepreneurial innovation, whether through small firms, large national firms, or multinational firms, is often vibrant in developing countries, but does not always realise its full potential. This is due to institutional constraints, the absence of the appropriate mix of different types of small and large and domestic and foreign firms, and insufficiently developed firm capabilities. The contributions provide a better understanding of the determinants and impacts of innovation in developing countries and the policies and institutions that support or hinder innovation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, author = {Szirmai, Adam and Naudé, Wim and Goedhuys, Micheline}, month = apr, year = {2011}, note = {Google-Books-ID: ML8c8YPvTvsC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship, Business \& Economics / General} }

@book{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2006-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-19-518351-1}, abstract = {By serving as a conduit for knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship is the missing link between investments in new knowledge and economic growth. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship provides not just an explanation of why entrepreneurship has become more prevalent as the factor of knowledge has emerged as a crucial source for comparative advantage, but also why entrepreneurship plays a vital role in generating economic growth. Entrepreneurship is an important mechanism permeating the knowledge filter to facilitate the spill over of knowledge and ultimately generate economic growth.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max C. and Lehmann, Erik E.}, month = apr, year = {2006}, note = {Google-Books-ID: 4dzsGA62mcgC}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship} }

@book{center_for_history_and_new_media_zotero_????-1, title = {Zotero {Quick} {Start} {Guide}}, url = {http://zotero.org/support/quick_start_guide}, author = Template:Center for History and New Media, annote = {Welcome to Zotero!View the Quick Start Guide to learn how to begin collecting, managing, citing, and sharing your research sources.Thanks for installing Zotero.} }

@book{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2006-2, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-19-518351-1}, abstract = {By serving as a conduit for knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship is the missing link between investments in new knowledge and economic growth. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship provides not just an explanation of why entrepreneurship has become more prevalent as the factor of knowledge has emerged as a crucial source for comparative advantage, but also why entrepreneurship plays a vital role in generating economic growth. Entrepreneurship is an important mechanism permeating the knowledge filter to facilitate the spill over of knowledge and ultimately generate economic growth.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max C. and Lehmann, Erik E.}, month = apr, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: 4dzsGA62mcgC}, annote = {https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Erik\_Lehmann/publication/31845618\_Entrepreneurship\_and\_Economic\_Growth\_DB\_Audretsch\_MC\_Keilbach\_EE\_Lehmann/links/00b49528522209f258000000.pdf} }

@article{holcombe_entrepreneurship_1998-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {1}, issn = {1098-3708, 1936-4806}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12113-998-1008-1}, doi = {10.1007/s12113-998-1008-1}, language = {en}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics}, author = {Holcombe, Randall G.}, month = jun, year = {1998}, pages = {45--62}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/4EP9XT4Q/s12113-998-1008-1.html:text/html} }

@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_2007-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {1}, issn = {1932-443X}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.rice.edu/doi/10.1002/sej.26/abstract}, doi = {10.1002/sej.26}, abstract = {Entrepreneurs who focus on innovation in their products, their production techniques, and their markets play a key role in economic growth. The direction of their activity is guided by their goals: wealth, power, and prestige. Current institutions, shaped by history and government are critical in determining where entrepreneurs will find it most promising to direct their efforts, sometimes, but not always, benefiting the general welfare. One goal of good policy, therefore, is redesign of institutions so as to attract entrepreneurial activity to beneficial directions. Copyright © 2008 Strategic Management Society.}, language = {en}, number = {3-4}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal}, author = {Baumol, William J. and Strom, Robert J.}, month = dec, year = {2007}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship, institutions, invention dissemination}, pages = {233--237}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/34FHRV4N/Baumol and Strom - 2007 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/QX7HEF5R/abstract.html:text/html} }

@article{hoselitz_entrepreneurship_1952-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {12}, issn = {0002-9246}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/3484612}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {The American Journal of Economics and Sociology}, author = {Hoselitz, Bert F.}, year = {1952}, pages = {97--110}, file = {JSTOR Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/PR496B4H/Hoselitz - 1952 - Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth.pdf:application/pdf} }

@techreport{carree_entrepreneurship_2006-1, type = {Books}, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {http://econpapers.repec.org/bookchap/elgeebook/3673.htm}, abstract = {This authoritative volume presents a collection of the most influential and important articles dealing with the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth and development. The collection covers a range of key issues through which entrepreneurial activity may influence economic progress.}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, institution = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business and Management}, file = {RePEc Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/73I42RVG/3673.html:text/html} }

@article{wennekers_linking_1999-1, title = {Linking {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {13}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {http://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1008063200484}, doi = {10.1023/A:1008063200484}, abstract = {In the 1980s stagflation and high unemployment caused a renewed interest in supply side economics and in factors determining economic growth. Simultaneously, the 1980s and 1990s have seen a reevaluation of the role of small firms and a renewed attention for entrepreneurship. The goal of this survey is to synthesize disparate strands of literature to link entrepreneurship to economic growth. This will be done by investigating the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic growth using elements of various fields: historical views on entrepreneurship, macro-economic growth theory, industrial economics (Porter's competitive advantage of nations), evolutionary economics, history of economic growth (rise and fall of nations) and the management literature on large corporate organizations. Understanding the role of entrepreneurship in the process of economic growth requires the decomposition of the concept of entrepreneurship. A first part of our synthesis is to contribute to the understanding of the dimensions involved, while paying attention to the level of analysis (individual, firm and aggregate level). A second part is to gain insight in the causal links between these entrepreneurial dimensions and economic growth. A third part is to make suggestions for future empirical research into the relationship between (dimensions of) entrepreneurship and economic growth.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-17}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Wennekers, Sander and Thurik, Roy}, month = aug, year = {1999}, pages = {27--56}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/I4DC7AX7/A1008063200484.html:text/html} }

@article{scott_need_1984-1, title = {Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: {A} critique of the {McClelland} thesis}, volume = {21}, copyright = {(c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved}, issn = {0362-3319}, shorttitle = {Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and economic growth}, abstract = {Examines D. McClelland's (1961) theory, as presented in The Achieving Society, that there exists a causal link between a psychological factor known as need for achievement (nAch) and the economic growth and decline of nations. Attention is directed to McClelland's conception of the nature and origin of nAch and the role nAch plays in the economic growth process. It is argued that the theory is empirically invalid, theoretically inadequate, and offers little value to those interested in promoting economic growth. It is suggested that future theory and research should concentrate on the interaction between psychological and structural factors as they relate to economic growth. This approach would more closely approximate reality by emphasizing factors at individual, national, and international levels.}, language = {English}, number = {2}, journal = {The Social Science Journal}, author = {Scott, R.}, year = {1984}, keywords = {*Achievement Motivation, Economy}, pages = {125--134}, file = {APA PsycNET Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7TVMQPFQ/Scott - 1984 - Need for achievement, entrepreneurship, and econom.html:text/html} }

@article{tang_venture_2004-1, title = {Venture {Entrepreneurship}, {Innovation} {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, copyright = {Copyright Norfolk State University Foundation Aug 2004}, issn = {10849467}, url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/208440561/abstract/994F041007FE42E9PQ/1}, abstract = {This article makes a distinction between two types of entrepreneurship activities. Venture Entrepreneurship (VE), which deals with new venture creation and Innovation Entrepreneurship (IE), which involves innovations within existing enterprises. VE is found to be positively related to GDP growth rate. IE is negatively related to economic growth rate in high-income countries, while the findings for middle and low-income countries are mixed. The study contributes to a relatively sparse body of literature by exploring the nature of the relationship between entrepreneurship and economic performance. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]}, language = {English}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship; Norfolk}, author = {Tang, Linghui and Koveos, Peter E.}, month = aug, year = {2004}, keywords = {Business And Economics, Correlation analysis, Economic Growth, Entrepreneurs, Innovations, Studies, Venture capital}, pages = {161--171}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/EFU4NSQK/Tang and Koveos - 2004 - Venture Entrepreneurship, Innovation Entrepreneurs.pdf:application/pdf} }

@article{mueller_exploring_2006-1, series = {Triple helix {Indicators} of {Knowledge}-{Based} {Innovation} {Systems}}, title = {Exploring the knowledge filter: {How} entrepreneurship and university–industry relationships drive economic growth}, volume = {35}, issn = {0048-7333}, shorttitle = {Exploring the knowledge filter}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733306001600}, doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2006.09.023}, abstract = {Knowledge is recognized as a crucial element of economic growth in addition to physical capital and labor. Knowledge can be transformed into products and processes and is, in this way, exploited commercially. The ability to produce, identify, and exploit knowledge depends on the existing knowledge stock and the absorptive capacity of actors such as employees at firms and researchers at universities and research institutions. The existing knowledge stock might not be commercialized to its full extent; therefore, knowledge flows must occur and transmission channels are needed. The paper tests the hypotheses that entrepreneurship and university–industry relations are vehicles for knowledge flows and, thus, spur economic growth.}, number = {10}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Mueller, Pamela}, month = dec, year = {2006}, keywords = {Entrepreneurship, Knowledge, Regional growth}, pages = {1499--1508}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/EG7WN66D/Mueller - 2006 - Exploring the knowledge filter How entrepreneursh.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/3CCC99B6/Mueller - 2006 - Exploring the knowledge filter How entrepreneursh.html:text/html} }

@book{hart_emergence_2003-2, title = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}: {Governance}, {Start}-{Ups}, and {Growth} in the {U}.{S}. {Knowledge} {Economy}}, isbn = {978-1-139-44078-3}, shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}}, abstract = {This volume seeks to catalyze the emergence of a novel field of policy studies: entrepreneurship policy. Practical experience and academic research both point to the central role of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and to the importance of public policy in creating the conditions under which entrepreneurial companies can flourish. The contributors, who hail from the disciplines of economics, geography, history, law, management, and political science, seek to crystallize key findings and to stimulate debate about future opportunities for policy-makers and researchers in this area. The chapters include surveys of the economic, social, and cultural contexts for US entrepreneurship policy; assessments of regional efforts to link knowledge producers to new enterprises; explorations of policies that aim to foster entrepreneurship in under-represented communities; detailed analyses of three key industries (biotechnology, e-commerce, and telecommunications); and considerations of challenges in policy implementation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Hart, David M.}, month = oct, year = {2003}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Industrial Management, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: 2fo6eEp42J4C} }

@article{segerstrom_innovation_1991-1, title = {Innovation, {Imitation}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {99}, issn = {0022-3808}, url = {http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/261779}, doi = {10.1086/261779}, abstract = {This paper develops a dynamic general equilibrium model of economic growth. The model has a steady-state equilibrium in which some firms devote resources to discovering qualitatively improved products and other firms devote resources to copying these products. Rates of both innovation and imitation are endogenously determined on the basis of the outcomes of \$R \& D\$ races between firms. Innovation subsidies are shown to unambiguously promote economic growth. Welfare is enhanced, however, only if the steady-state intensity of innovative effort exceeds a critical level.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-02-27}, journal = {Journal of Political Economy}, author = {Segerstrom, Paul S.}, month = aug, year = {1991}, pages = {807--827}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/QBUG7C55/Segerstrom - 1991 - Innovation, Imitation, and Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{thurik_entrepreneurship_2004-1, title = {Entrepreneurship, small business and economic growth}, volume = {11}, issn = {1462-6004}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/14626000410519173}, doi = {10.1108/14626000410519173}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development}, author = {Thurik, Roy and Wennekers, Sander}, month = mar, year = {2004}, pages = {140--149}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/CQC8JDVX/Thurik and Wennekers - 2004 - Entrepreneurship, small business and economic grow.html:text/html} }

@article{baumol_entrepreneurship_1968-1, title = {Entrepreneurship in {Economic} {Theory}}, volume = {58}, issn = {0002-8282}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/1831798}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {The American Economic Review}, author = {Baumol, William J.}, year = {1968}, pages = {64--71} }

@article{valliere_entrepreneurship_2009-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth: {Evidence} from emerging and developed countries}, volume = {21}, issn = {0898-5626}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, url = {http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08985620802332723}, doi = {10.1080/08985620802332723}, abstract = {This paper presents an extension to the economic growth model developed by Wong, Ho, and Autio (2005), to reflect differences in the economic effects of opportunity and necessity-based entrepreneurship in both emerging and developed countries. Data from 44 countries for the years 2004 and 2005, as collected by Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) research and Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) research, are used to identify predictors of GDP growth for emerging and developed nations. The GEM data are used to determine the effect of different types of entrepreneurship on GDP growth. The GCR data operationalize additional control variables suggested by three economic growth theories: new economic geography, endogenous growth theory and national systems of innovation. This contribution to the literature suggests that, in developed countries, a significant portion of economic growth rates can be attributed to high-expectation entrepreneurs exploiting national investments in knowledge creation and regulatory freedom. However, in emerging countries this effect is absent. It is hypothesized that a threshold exists for entrepreneurs to gain access to the formal economy, below which entrepreneurial contributions act through informal mechanisms.}, number = {5-6}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Entrepreneurship \& Regional Development}, author = {Valliere, Dave and Peterson, Rein}, month = sep, year = {2009}, keywords = {Economic Growth, emerging nations, Entrepreneurship, knowledge creation, regulatory freedom}, pages = {459--480}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/VDXFR7MU/Valliere and Peterson - 2009 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth Evidence fro.html:text/html} }

@incollection{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2003-1, series = {Advances in {Austrian} {Economics}}, title = {Entrepreneurship, industry evolution and economic growth}, volume = {6}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S1529-2134%2803%2906003-4}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {Austrian {Economics} and {Entrepreneurial} {Studies}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Thurik, A.Roy}, month = jan, year = {2003}, pages = {39--56}, annote = {DOI: 10.1016/S1529-2134(03)06003-4 DOI: 10.1016/S1529-2134(03)06003-4}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/3H4SIMAU/Audretsch and Thurik - 2003 - Entrepreneurship, industry evolution and economic .html:text/html} }

@incollection{carree_impact_2010-2, series = {International {Handbook} {Series} on {Entrepreneurship}}, title = {The {Impact} of {Entrepreneurship} on {Economic} {Growth}}, copyright = {©2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC}, isbn = {978-1-4419-1190-2 978-1-4419-1191-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_20}, abstract = {The present chapter deals with the consequences of entrepreneurship for macro-economic growth. It consists of eight sections: (1) Introduction; (2) The influence of economic development on entrepreneurship; (3) Types of entrepreneurship and their relation to economic growth; (4) The effects of the choice between entrepreneurship and employment; (5) Entrepreneurship in endogenous growth models; (6) Strands of empirical evidence; (7) The time lag structure; and (8) Conclusion.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, booktitle = {Handbook of {Entrepreneurship} {Research}}, publisher = {Springer New York}, author = {Carree, Martin A. and Thurik, A. Roy}, editor = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship}, pages = {557--594}, annote = {DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9\_20}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZBIHJDPK/Carree et al. - 2010 - The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{carlsson_knowledge_2009-1, title = {Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth: a historical review}, volume = {18}, issn = {0960-6491}, shorttitle = {Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic growth}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/icc/article/18/6/1193/795488/Knowledge-creation-entrepreneurship-and-economic}, doi = {10.1093/icc/dtp043}, number = {6}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Industrial and Corporate Change}, author = {Carlsson, Bo and Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B. and Braunerhjelm, Pontus}, month = dec, year = {2009}, pages = {1193--1229}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/5V3UAMRF/Carlsson et al. - 2009 - Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/R6X5JXHZ/Carlsson et al. - 2009 - Knowledge creation, entrepreneurship, and economic.html:text/html} }

@article{wong_entrepreneurship_2005-1, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation} and {Economic} {Growth}: {Evidence} from {GEM} data}, volume = {24}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation} and {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-005-2000-1}, abstract = {Studies on the impact of technological innovation on growth have been largely mute on the role of␣new firm formation. Using cross-sectional data on the 37 countries participating in GEM 2002, this paper uses an augmented Cobb–Douglas production to explore firm formation and technological innovation as separate determinants of growth. One area of interest is the contrast between different types of entrepreneurial activities as measured using GEM Total Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA) rates – high growth potential TEA, necessity TEA, opportunity TEA and overall TEA. Of the four types of entrepreneurship, only high growth potential entrepreneurship is found to have a significant impact on economic growth. This finding is consistent with extant findings in the literature that it is fast growing new firms, not new firms in general, that accounted for most of the new job creation by small and medium enterprises in advanced countries.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Wong, Poh Kam and Ho, Yuen Ping and Autio, Erkko}, month = apr, year = {2005}, pages = {335--350}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/KHMEBMVC/Wong et al. - 2005 - Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth .html:text/html} }

@incollection{carree_impact_2010-3, series = {International {Handbook} {Series} on {Entrepreneurship}}, title = {The {Impact} of {Entrepreneurship} on {Economic} {Growth}}, copyright = {©2010 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC}, isbn = {978-1-4419-1190-2 978-1-4419-1191-9}, url = {http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9_20}, abstract = {The present chapter deals with the consequences of entrepreneurship for macro-economic growth. It consists of eight sections: (1) Introduction; (2) The influence of economic development on entrepreneurship; (3) Types of entrepreneurship and their relation to economic growth; (4) The effects of the choice between entrepreneurship and employment; (5) Entrepreneurship in endogenous growth models; (6) Strands of empirical evidence; (7) The time lag structure; and (8) Conclusion.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, booktitle = {Handbook of {Entrepreneurship} {Research}}, publisher = {Springer New York}, author = {Carree, Martin A. and Thurik, A. Roy}, editor = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Audretsch, David B.}, year = {2010}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Economic Policy, Entrepreneurship}, pages = {557--594}, annote = {DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1191-9\_20}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/EVDDVQ48/Carree et al. - 2010 - The Impact of Entrepreneurship on Economic Growth.html:text/html} }

@article{wennekers_relationship_2010-1, title = {The {Relationship} between {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Development}: {Is} {It} {U}-{Shaped}?}, volume = {6}, issn = {1551-3114, 1551-3122}, shorttitle = {The {Relationship} between {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Development}}, url = {http://www.nowpublishers.com/article/Details/ENT-023}, doi = {10.1561/0300000023}, abstract = {The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Economic Development: Is It U-Shaped?}, language = {English}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Foundations and Trends® in Entrepreneurship}, author = {Wennekers, Sander and Stel, André van and Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, month = jul, year = {2010}, pages = {167--237}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/C8AKZVMM/Wennekers et al. - 2010 - The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Econ.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/BAHBVJ5D/Wennekers et al. - 2010 - The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Econ.html:text/html} }

@incollection{audretsch_knowledge_2005-2, series = {Research on {Technological} {Innovation}, {Management} and {Policy}}, title = {The {Knowledge} {Spillover} {Theory} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, number = {9}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurial} {Economics}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = jan, year = {2005}, pages = {37--54}, annote = {DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7 DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/N9ARJK26/Audretsch - 2005 - The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship.html:text/html} }

@article{leff_entrepreneurship_1979-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Development}: {The} {Problem} {Revisited}}, volume = {17}, issn = {0022-0515}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Development}}, url = {http://www.jstor.org/stable/2723640}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Economic Literature}, author = {Leff, Nathaniel H.}, year = {1979}, pages = {46--64} }

@article{stel_effect_2005-1, title = {The {Effect} of {Entrepreneurial} {Activity} on {National} {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {24}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-005-1996-6}, abstract = {Entrepreneurial activity is generally assumed to be an important aspect of the organization of industries most conducive to innovative activity and unrestrained competition. This paper investigates whether total entrepreneurial activity (TEA) influences GDP growth for a sample of 36 countries. We test whether this influence depends on the level of economic development measured as GDP per capita. Adjustment is made for a range of alternative explanations for achieving economic growth by incorporating the Growth Competitiveness Index (GCI). We find that entrepreneurial activity by nascent entrepreneurs and owner/managers of young businesses affects economic growth, but that this effect depends upon the level of per capita income. This suggests that entrepreneurship plays a different role in countries in different stages of economic development.}, language = {en}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Stel, André van and Carree, Martin and Thurik, Roy}, month = apr, year = {2005}, pages = {311--321}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/H9I6CPV8/Stel et al. - 2005 - The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National.html:text/html} }

@article{galindo_innovation_2013-1, title = {Innovation, entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {51}, issn = {0025-1747}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/00251741311309625}, doi = {10.1108/00251741311309625}, number = {3}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Management Decision}, author = {Galindo, Miguel‐Ángel and Méndez‐Picazo, María‐Teresa}, month = mar, year = {2013}, pages = {501--514} }

@article{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2007-1, title = {Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth}, volume = {23}, issn = {0266-903X}, url = {https://academic.oup.com/oxrep/article-abstract/23/1/63/510594/Entrepreneurship-capital-and-economic-growth}, doi = {10.1093/oxrep/grm001}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Oxford Review of Economic Policy}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {63--78}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/KKXXC8DT/Audretsch - 2007 - Entrepreneurship capital and economic growth.html:text/html} }

@book{cameron_innovation_1996-1, title = {Innovation and economic growth}, url = {http://cep.lse.ac.uk}, abstract = {This paper surveys the empirical evidence on the link between innovation and economic growth. It considers a number of different measures of innovation, such as R\&D spending, patenting, and innovation counts, as well as the pervasive effect of technological spillovers between firms, industries, and countries. There are three main conclusions. The first is that innovation makes a significant contribution to growth. The second is there are significant spillovers between countries, firms and industries, and to a lesser extent from government-funded research. Third, that these spillovers tend to be localized, wit foreign economies gaining significantly less from domestic innovation than other domestic firms. This suggests that although technological ”catch-up” may act to equalize productivity across countries, the process is likely to be slow and uncertain, and require substantial domestic innovation effort.}, language = {en}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, author = {Cameron, G.}, month = feb, year = {1996}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/M4XXVNC7/Cameron - 1996 - Innovation and economic growth.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/ZU9IKC7A/Cameron - 1996 - Innovation and economic growth.html:text/html} }

@book{hart_emergence_2003-3, title = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}: {Governance}, {Start}-{Ups}, and {Growth} in the {U}.{S}. {Knowledge} {Economy}}, isbn = {978-1-139-44078-3}, shorttitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurship} {Policy}}, abstract = {This volume seeks to catalyze the emergence of a novel field of policy studies: entrepreneurship policy. Practical experience and academic research both point to the central role of entrepreneurs in the process of economic growth and to the importance of public policy in creating the conditions under which entrepreneurial companies can flourish. The contributors, who hail from the disciplines of economics, geography, history, law, management, and political science, seek to crystallize key findings and to stimulate debate about future opportunities for policy-makers and researchers in this area. The chapters include surveys of the economic, social, and cultural contexts for US entrepreneurship policy; assessments of regional efforts to link knowledge producers to new enterprises; explorations of policies that aim to foster entrepreneurship in under-represented communities; detailed analyses of three key industries (biotechnology, e-commerce, and telecommunications); and considerations of challenges in policy implementation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Hart, David M.}, month = oct, year = {2003}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Industrial Management, Political Science / General, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy, Social Science / Sociology / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: 2fo6eEp42J4C} }

@book{brown_innovation_2004-2, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}: {The} {Interaction} {Between} {Technology}, {Progress} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-84542-055-0}, shorttitle = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}}, abstract = {The purpose of this book is to examine the nature of organizational innovation and change by looking at the complex interplay between entrepreneurship, innovation and culture.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Brown, Terrence E. and Ulijn, J. M.}, month = jan, year = {2004}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: nLvjQkBajocC} }

@article{freeman_continental_2002-1, series = {Innovation {Systems}}, title = {Continental, national and sub-national innovation systems—complementarity and economic growth}, volume = {31}, issn = {0048-7333}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733301001366}, doi = {10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00136-6}, abstract = {The purpose of this paper is to discuss the relevance of innovation systems to economic growth rates over the last two centuries. The focus is on complementarity (or lack of it) between sub-systems of society and on models of active learning in catching up economies. The paper discusses variations in rates of growth of economic regions and the extent to which variations may be attributed to “innovation systems”. The analysis is applied to Britain in the 18th century, the United States in the second half of the 19th century and the innovation systems of catching up countries in the 20th century.}, number = {2}, urldate = {2017-02-27}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Freeman, Chris}, month = feb, year = {2002}, keywords = {Economic Growth, Economic history, Innovation system, Institutional change}, pages = {191--211}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/IIGDC5JE/Freeman - 2002 - Continental, national and sub-national innovation .pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/HJPPATWF/Freeman - 2002 - Continental, national and sub-national innovation .html:text/html} }

@article{chrisman_faculty_1995-1, title = {Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development: {The} case of the {University} of {Calgary}}, volume = {10}, issn = {0883-9026}, shorttitle = {Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/088390269500015Z}, doi = {10.1016/0883-9026(95)00015-Z}, abstract = {The common perception of universities as merely institutions of higher learning is giving way to one where universities are viewed as engines of economic growth and development. This study documents the entrepreneurial activities of the faculty of the University of Calgary, as well as the impact the University has had and the impact its recent budgetary problems might have on such activities. Results indicate that nearly 100 new ventures with at least one full-time employee were started by faculty or were started as a consequence of significant faculty inputs. These ventures, in turn, have generated at least 723 new jobs in Alberta. Furthermore, our projections suggest that faculty entrepreneurs will create approximately 14 ventures per year in the near future. Implications for the role universities and governments should play to encourage faculty entrepreneurship are discussed.}, number = {4}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Business Venturing}, author = {Chrisman, James J. and Hynes, Timothy and Fraser, Shelby}, month = jul, year = {1995}, pages = {267--281}, file = {ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/W3NNXTRF/Chrisman et al. - 1995 - Faculty entrepreneurship and economic development.html:text/html} }

@article{samila_venture_2010-1, title = {Venture {Capital}, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {93}, issn = {0034-6535}, url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00066}, doi = {10.1162/REST_a_00066}, abstract = {Using a panel of U.S. metropolitan areas, we find that increases in the supply of venture capital positively affect firm starts, employment, and aggregate income. Our results remain robust to a variety of specifications, including ones that address endogeneity. The estimated magnitudes imply that venture capital stimulates the creation of more firms than it funds, which appears consistent with two mechanisms: First, would-be entrepreneurs anticipating financing needs more likely start firms when the supply of capital expands. Second, funded companies may transfer know-how to their employees, thereby enabling spin-offs, and may encourage others to become entrepreneurs through demonstration effects.}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Review of Economics and Statistics}, author = {Samila, Sampsa and Sorenson, Olav}, month = jul, year = {2010}, pages = {338--349}, file = {Review of Economics and Statistics Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/3Q29WEI9/Samila and Sorenson - 2010 - Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Gr.pdf:application/pdf;Review of Economics and Statistics Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/Q5PHQ8S7/Samila and Sorenson - 2010 - Venture Capital, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Gr.html:text/html} }

@article{audretsch_resolving_2008-1, series = {Special {Section} {Knowledge} {Dynamics} out of {Balance}: {Knowledge} {Biased}, {Skewed} and {Unmatched}}, title = {Resolving the knowledge paradox: {Knowledge}-spillover entrepreneurship and economic growth}, volume = {37}, issn = {0048-7333}, shorttitle = {Resolving the knowledge paradox}, url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048733308001881}, doi = {10.1016/j.respol.2008.08.008}, abstract = {The knowledge paradox suggests that high levels of investment in new knowledge do not necessarily and automatically generate the anticipated levels of competitiveness of growth. In particular, knowledge investments do not automatically translate into balanced growth and competitiveness. The purpose of this paper is to explain why knowledge investments are inherently unbalanced, so that the competitiveness and growth ensuing from knowledge are not equally spread across individuals, firms, and spatial units of observation, such as regions and countries. Based on a data set linking entrepreneurial activity to growth within the context of German regions, this paper shows that entrepreneurship serves a conduit of knowledge spillovers.}, number = {10}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Research Policy}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max}, month = dec, year = {2008}, keywords = {Entrepreneurship, Growth, Innovation, Knowledge}, pages = {1697--1705}, file = {ScienceDirect Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/6VHSSIDE/Audretsch and Keilbach - 2008 - Resolving the knowledge paradox Knowledge-spillov.pdf:application/pdf;ScienceDirect Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7GBAHZMI/Audretsch and Keilbach - 2008 - Resolving the knowledge paradox Knowledge-spillov.html:text/html} }

@article{salgado-banda_entrepreneurship_2007-1, title = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth: an empirical analysis}, volume = {12}, issn = {1084-9467}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship and economic growth}, url = {http://www.worldscientific.com/doi/abs/10.1142/S1084946707000538}, doi = {10.1142/S1084946707000538}, abstract = {This study examines the impact of entrepreneurship on economic growth by using a new variable based on patent data to proxy for productive entrepreneurship. Data on self-employment is used as an alternative proxy. The study considers 22 OECD countries and finds a positive relationship between the proposed measure of productive entrepreneurship — degree of innovativeness of different nations — and economic growth, while the alternative measure, based on self-employment, appears to be negatively correlated with economic growth. A battery of econometric specifications and techniques backs the findings.}, number = {01}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship}, author = {Salgado-Banda, Héctor}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {3--29}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/UK4MJ35C/Salgado-Banda - 2007 - Entrepreneurship and economic growth an empirical.html:text/html} }

@article{acs_entrepreneurship_2007-1, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Economic} {Growth} and {Public} {Policy}}, volume = {28}, issn = {0921-898X, 1573-0913}, url = {https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-006-9012-3}, doi = {10.1007/s11187-006-9012-3}, abstract = {This paper is an introduction to the second Global Entrepreneurship Research Conference. The conference focused on developing a better understanding of the relationships among entrepreneurship, economic growth and public policy, and variations according to the stage of economic development. The papers in this special issue conduct analysis with GEM micro-and-macro data, and offer several important policy recommendations. First, middle-income countries should focus on increasing human capital, upgrading technology availability and promoting enterprise development. It is important to start enterprise development policies early because the main drivers are perceptual variables that are difficult to change in the short run. Second, for developed economies, reducing entry regulations, in most cases, will not result in more high-potential startups. Both labor market reform and deregulation of financial markets may be needed to support growth of high-performance ventures.}, language = {en}, number = {2-3}, urldate = {2017-02-23}, journal = {Small Business Economics}, author = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Szerb, Laszlo}, month = mar, year = {2007}, pages = {109--122}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/K6SSGC7A/Acs and Szerb - 2007 - Entrepreneurship, Economic Growth and Public Polic.html:text/html} }

@book{brown_innovation_2004-3, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}: {The} {Interaction} {Between} {Technology}, {Progress} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-84542-055-0}, shorttitle = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Culture}}, abstract = {The purpose of this book is to examine the nature of organizational innovation and change by looking at the complex interplay between entrepreneurship, innovation and culture.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Edward Elgar Publishing}, author = {Brown, Terrence E. and Ulijn, J. M.}, month = jan, year = {2004}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: nLvjQkBajocC} }

@techreport{georgiou_entrepreneurship_2009-1, address = {Rochester, NY}, type = {{SSRN} {Scholarly} {Paper}}, title = {Entrepreneurship {Causes} {Economic} {Growth}: {An} {Empirical} {Analysis} for {Western} {European} {Countries} and the {United} {States} 1990-2004}, shorttitle = {Entrepreneurship {Causes} {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=1478903}, abstract = {In this paper a distinction will be made between manager and owner and it will be attempted to estimate numerically the country’s total economy’s entrepreneuri}, number = {ID 1478903}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, institution = {Social Science Research Network}, author = {Georgiou, Miltiades N.}, month = sep, year = {2009}, keywords = {corporate governance, Economic Growth, Entrepreneurship}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/DCBBBHFW/Georgiou - 2009 - Entrepreneurship Causes Economic Growth An Empiri.html:text/html} }

@book{feldman_economics_2012-1, title = {The {Economics} of {Science} and {Technology}: {An} {Overview} of {Initiatives} to {Foster} {Innovation}, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-4615-0981-3}, shorttitle = {The {Economics} of {Science} and {Technology}}, abstract = {Science and technology have long been regarded as important determinants of economic growth. Edwin Mansfield (1971, pp. 1- 2), a pioneer in the economics of technological change, noted: Technological change is an important, if not the most important, factor responsible for economic growth . . . without question, [it] is one of the most important determinants of the shape and evolution of the American economy. Science and technology are even more important in the "new economy," with its greater emphasis on the role of intellectual property and knowledge transfer. Therefore, it is unfortunate that most individuals rarely have the opportunity to explore the economic implications of science and technology. As a result, the antecedents and consequences of technological change are poorly understood by many in the general public. This lack of understanding is reflected in a recent survey conducted by the National Science Board (2000), summarized in Science \& Engineering Indicators. ' As shown in Table 1. 1, the findings of the survey indicated that many Americans, despite a high level of interests in such matters, are not as well-informed about technological issues as they are about other policy issues. As shown in the table, individuals self assess, based on a scale from 1 to 100, their interest in science and technology policy issues as being relatively high, yet they self assess their knowledge or informedness about these issues relatively lower.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, author = {Feldman, M. P. and Link, Albert N. and Siegel, Donald}, month = dec, year = {2012}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Management Science, Business \& Economics / Production \& Operations Management, Business \& Economics / Research \& Development, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: wca9BwAAQBAJ} }

@incollection{audretsch_knowledge_2005-3, series = {Research on {Technological} {Innovation}, {Management} and {Policy}}, title = {The {Knowledge} {Spillover} {Theory} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {9}, url = {http://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, number = {9}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, booktitle = {The {Emergence} of {Entrepreneurial} {Economics}}, publisher = {Emerald Group Publishing Limited}, author = {Audretsch, David B.}, month = jan, year = {2005}, pages = {37--54}, annote = {DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7 DOI: 10.1016/S0737-1071(05)09003-7}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/XM25974A/Audretsch - 2005 - The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship.html:text/html} }

@book{stel_empirical_2006-1, title = {Empirical {Analysis} of {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-387-29419-3}, abstract = {The importance of entrepreneurship for achieving economic growth in contemporary economies is widely recognized, both by policy makers and economists. It is deeply embedded in the current European policy approach that the creativity and independence of entrepreneurs contribute to higher levels of economic activity. Indeed, according to the European Commission (2003, p. 9), "The challenge for the European Union is to identify the key factors for building a climate in which entrepreneurial initiative and business activities can thrive. Policy measures should seek to boost the Union's levels of entrepreneurship, adopting the most appropriate approach for producing more entrepreneurs and for getting more firms to grow. " Audretsch (2003, p. 5) states that "Entrepreneurship has become the engine of economic and social development throughout the world. " The relation between entrepreneurship and economic growth is embedded in several strands of the economic literature. A first strand of literature involves the general understanding of the role of entrepreneurship in the modern economy. Seminal contributions were made by Schumpeter (1934), Knight (1921) and Kirzner (1973). These economists stress different aspects of the role of the entrepreneur. While Schumpeter stresses the innovating aspect, Knight stresses the risk assuming aspect. Kirzner, finally, stresses the role of the entrepreneur in leading markets to equilibrium. Acs (1992) discusses the contribution of small firms in modern economies.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Springer Science \& Business Media}, author = {Stel, André van}, month = jun, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship, Business \& Economics / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: VUOHlzSuqk0C} }

@article{hayter_harnessing_2013-1, title = {Harnessing {University} {Entrepreneurship} for {Economic} {Growth}: {Factors} of {Success} {Among} {University} {Spin}-offs}, volume = {27}, issn = {0891-2424}, shorttitle = {Harnessing {University} {Entrepreneurship} for {Economic} {Growth}}, url = {http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0891242412471845}, doi = {10.1177/0891242412471845}, abstract = {University spin-offs are an important vehicle for knowledge dissemination and have the potential to generate jobs and economic growth. Despite their importance, little research exists on spin-off performance or impact, especially from the perspective of academic entrepreneurs. Using logit regression, this article makes a scholarly contribution by testing the relationship between spin-off success—defined here as technology commercialization—and multiple factors derived from the extant literature. Several significant variables are found to enable commercialization success within the sample, including venture capital, multiple and external licenses, outside management, joint ventures with other companies, previous faculty consulting experience, and—surprisingly—a negative relationship to post-spin-off services provided by universities. The results have important implications for public policy and management, supporting an overall “open innovation” approach to spin-off success.}, language = {en}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Economic Development Quarterly}, author = {Hayter, Christopher S.}, month = feb, year = {2013}, pages = {18--28} }

@book{acs_entrepreneurship_2006-1, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Geography}, and {American} {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-1-139-45663-0}, abstract = {The spillovers in knowledge among largely college-educated workers were among the key reasons for the impressive degree of economic growth and spread of entrepreneurship in the United States during the 1990s. Prior 'industrial policies' in the 1970s and 1980s did not advance growth because these were based on outmoded large manufacturing models. Zoltan Acs and Catherine Armington use a knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship to explain new firm formation rates in regional economies during the 1990s period and beyond. The fastest-growing regions are those that have the highest rates of new firm formation, and which are not dominated by large businesses. The authors of this text also find support for the thesis that knowledge spillovers move across industries and are not confined within a single industry. As a result, they suggest, regional policies to encourage and sustain growth should focus on entrepreneurship among other factors.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Cambridge University Press}, author = {Acs, Zoltan J. and Armington, Catherine}, month = jun, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Economics / Theory, Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy} }

@book{ulku_randd_2004-1, title = {{RandD}, innovation, and {Economic} {Growth}: {An} {Empirical} {Analysis}}, isbn = {978-1-4519-0480-2}, shorttitle = {{RandD}, innovation, and {Economic} {Growth}}, abstract = {This paper investigates the main postulations of the R\&D based growth models that innovation is created in the R\&D sectors and it enables sustainable economic growth, provided that there are constant returns to innovation in terms of R\&D. The analysis employs various panel data techniques and uses patent and R\&D data for 20 OECD and 10 Non-OECD countries for the period 1981–97. The results suggest a positive relationship between per capita GDP and innovation in both OECD and non-OECD countries, while the effect of R\&D stock on innovation is significant only in the OECD countries with large markets. Although these results provide support for endogenous growth models, there is no evidence for constant returns to innovation in terms of R\&D, implying that innovation does not lead to permanent increases in economic growth. However, these results do not necessarily suggest a rejection of R\&D based growth models, given that neither patent nor R\&D data capture the full range of innovation and R\&D activities.}, language = {en}, publisher = {International Monetary Fund}, author = {Ulku, Hulya}, month = sep, year = {2004}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / General, Business \& Economics / Economics / Macroeconomics, Business \& Economics / International / Economics}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: hfY8XHg8HCYC} }

@article{sobel_institutions_2008-1, title = {Institutions, {Entrepreneurship}, and {Regional} {Differences} in {Economic} {Growth}}, volume = {I}, issn = {2164-9685}, url = {https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=152625}, language = {English}, number = {1}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {American Journal of Entrepreneurship}, author = {Sobel, Russell S. and Hall, Joshua C.}, year = {2008}, pages = {69--96}, file = {Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/M7D6WP8W/Sobel and Hall - 2008 - Institutions, Entrepreneurship, and Regional Diffe.html:text/html} }

@article{stephens_innovation_2013-1, title = {Innovation, {Entrepreneurship} and {Economic} {Growth} in {Lagging} {Regions}}, volume = {53}, issn = {1467-9787}, url = {http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jors.12019/abstract}, doi = {10.1111/jors.12019}, abstract = {The paper investigates what are the most important factors in fostering growth in rural, remote regions with historically low growth rates. In particular, we focus on the lagging Appalachian region and compare it to both nearby counties and other similarly lagging U.S. counties. Factors such as self-employment, human capital, creativity, university spillovers and high-technology clusters are considered. Our results suggest that entrepreneurship and creativity factors are key to increasing growth in the Appalachian region and in similar lagging regions nationally. However, there is little evidence that other knowledge-based factors are conducive to growth in these regions.}, language = {en}, number = {5}, urldate = {2017-02-24}, journal = {Journal of Regional Science}, author = {Stephens, Heather M. and Partridge, Mark D. and Faggian, Alessandra}, month = dec, year = {2013}, pages = {778--812}, file = {Full Text PDF:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/5BGTSNH2/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.pdf:application/pdf;Snapshot:/Users/tonimasaleh/Library/Application Support/Zotero/Profiles/ujmvea1t.default/zotero/storage/7SWBU5S5/Stephens et al. - 2013 - Innovation, Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth i.html:text/html} }

@book{szirmai_entrepreneurship_2011-1, title = {Entrepreneurship, {Innovation}, and {Economic} {Development}}, isbn = {978-0-19-959651-5}, abstract = {Entrepreneurship and innovation are two of the most pervasive concepts of our times, yet there are still gaps in our understanding of the interactions between entrepreneurship and innovation, particularly in developing countries. This book is an attempt to fill this gap. It focuses on the entrepreneurship-innovation-development nexus, drawing heavily on empirical evidence from developing countries. Cross-country and individual country experiences cover nations as diverse as Ethiopia, India, Turkey, Vietnam, and also examine lessons from advanced economies such as Finland. Three sets of questions are addressed. What is the impact of entrepreneurship and innovation on growth and development? What determines the innovative performance of entrepreneurs in developing countries? What role does the institutional environment play in shaping the extent and impact of innovative activities? A key message is that entrepreneurial innovation, whether through small firms, large national firms, or multinational firms, is often vibrant in developing countries, but does not always realise its full potential. This is due to institutional constraints, the absence of the appropriate mix of different types of small and large and domestic and foreign firms, and insufficiently developed firm capabilities. The contributions provide a better understanding of the determinants and impacts of innovation in developing countries and the policies and institutions that support or hinder innovation.}, language = {en}, publisher = {OUP Oxford}, author = {Szirmai, Adam and Naudé, Wim and Goedhuys, Micheline}, month = apr, year = {2011}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Economics / Microeconomics, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship, Business \& Economics / General}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: ML8c8YPvTvsC} }

@book{audretsch_entrepreneurship_2006-3, title = {Entrepreneurship and {Economic} {Growth}}, isbn = {978-0-19-518351-1}, abstract = {By serving as a conduit for knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship is the missing link between investments in new knowledge and economic growth. The knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship provides not just an explanation of why entrepreneurship has become more prevalent as the factor of knowledge has emerged as a crucial source for comparative advantage, but also why entrepreneurship plays a vital role in generating economic growth. Entrepreneurship is an important mechanism permeating the knowledge filter to facilitate the spill over of knowledge and ultimately generate economic growth.}, language = {en}, publisher = {Oxford University Press, USA}, author = {Audretsch, David B. and Keilbach, Max C. and Lehmann, Erik E.}, month = apr, year = {2006}, keywords = {Business \& Economics / Development / Economic Development, Business \& Economics / Entrepreneurship}, annote = {Google-Books-ID: 4dzsGA62mcgC} }